“凭仗自己的活动而获得一切”——黑格尔论荷兰绘画

To Achieve Everything via One's Own Activities——On Hegel's Discussion about Dutch Paintings

黑格尔认为荷兰绘画在题材上从单一庄严的宗教虔敬转到了现时代的世俗生活,表现的范围大大扩展了,引导这一转变的是新唤醒的心灵的自由活泼,因而其作品呈现出一种快乐和明朗气氛。为了对荷兰绘画做出更完满的评价,黑格尔仔细考察了它的起源,民族生存发展的历史成了解释荷兰绘画最切近的资源,他还具体地指出了自然环境对绘画的影响,并且盛赞荷兰人是德意志民族精神的体现。此外,黑格尔的论述还包含着绘画是人心灵劳作的产物,具有高贵神圣性,是实现精神自我提升的方式等思想,并且部分地论及了人的本质和主体生成。

According to Hegel,Dutch paintings have transferred from a single solemn religious piety to the contemporary secular life in terms of the theme,and have greatly expanded the range of artistic expression. What leads to this transformation is the new awakening free and lively mind,and thus the works present a kind of delightful and bright atmosphere. To better evaluate the Dutch paintings,Hegel carefully studies its origin,and finds that the nation's history of survival and development is the closest resources to interpret Dutch paintings. He also specifically points out the influence of natural environment on the paintings,and praises that the Dutchmen were the embodiment of Pan-Germanism. In addition,Hegel held that paintings were the product of labor of the human mind with nobleness and sacredness,and they were a way to achieve self-improvement. Moreover,Hegel partially referred to the human nature and the subject formation.