辽宁省大伙房水库及入库河流水质空间特征与河库水质关系

Spatial variations of water quality in Dahuofang Reservoir and its joint rivers,and the relationship of water quality between river and reservoir( Liaoning Province)

入库河流与水库存在空间上的连续性,河流污染物输入是水库水质恶化的主要原因,对大伙房水库及其入库支流61个采样点的水质状况进行调查,并运用聚类分析和主成分分析对大伙房水库及入库支流的水质空间特性和主要污染物进行分析.聚类分析显示,按照水质相似性将大伙房水库及入库支流水质可分为上游区、下游区和库区3个典型空间区域.分别对3个区域进行主成分分析,结果显示:入库支流上游区和下游区水质主要影响因素为氨氮、总氮和化学需氧量,库区影响水质的主要因素为温度、p H值、浊度、溶解氧、电导率、氨氮和总氮.对上游、下游和库区水质均有显著影响的因子为氨氮和总氮,上游区、下游区和库区氨氮浓度均值分别为0.06、0.10和0.19 mg/L,总氮浓度均值分别为0.13、0.16和0.26 mg/L.入库河流下游区对水库水质影响较大,受社河和浑河污染物输入的影响,大伙房水库水质在空间上呈现社河入库区水质优于浑河入库区水质.并且库区氨氮和总氮浓度均与距岸边距离呈负相关,溶解氧和p H值均与距入库口距离呈负相关,表明入库河流污染物输入和环库区面源污染均对大伙房水库水质产生一定影响.

Reservoir and its joint rivers have good space continuity, and the deterioration of the reservoir water was caused by the input polluted river. In this paper, water quality was examined in 61 sampling sites in Dahuofang Reservoir and its joint rivers. Cluster analysis and principle component analysis （PCA） were used to analyze the spatial characteristics and major pollutants of water quality both in the reservoir and its joint rivers. Cluster analysis showed that the reservoir can be divided into 3 typical areas including upstream, downstream and reservoir on the basis of the similarity water quality. PCA indicated that water quality in up- stream and downstream were mainly both affected by ammonia, total nitrogen and CODcr. In reservoir area, it was mainly affected by temperature, pH, turbid, dissolve oxygen, conductivity ammonia and total nitrogen. Ammonia and total nitrogen both had sig- nificant impact on water quality in upstream, downstream and reservoir, with the concentration of ammonia was 0.06, 0.10 and0.19 mg/L respectively, total nitrogen was 0.13, 0.16 and 0.26 mg/L respectively. Affected by the tributary inflow, the reservoir water quality had resulted in space difference, where Shehe bay is better than Hunhe bay. In Dahuofang Reservoir, the concentra- tion of ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen were negatively related with the distance to river bank. The concentration of dissolve ox- ygen and pH were negatively related with the distance to estuary. This indicated that the input amount of pollutant from joint river- sand non-point source pollution around the reservoir had a certain effect on water quality of Dahuofang Reselvoir.