广西喀斯特地区甘蔗园土壤动物群落多样性及季节动态

Soil fauna diversify of sugarcane field in karst region and its seasonal dynamics

【目的】对广西喀斯特地区甘蔗园土壤动物群落多样性进行调查,了解其多样性特征及季节动态规律,为指导喀斯特地区开展甘蔗科学种植和充分发挥喀斯特土地潜力提供基础资料。【方法】2012年3月～2013年2月采用手捡法、干漏斗法和湿漏斗法逐月12次对广西喀斯特地貌下甘蔗园土壤动物群落多样性进行调查。【结果】全年捕获土壤动物5090只,隶属于3门10纲20目23类,其中,优势类群为弹尾目（53.08%）、蜱螨目（18.84%）和泄管纲（15.99%）,常见类群为双尾目（2.24%）、膜翅目（1.93%）、双翅目幼虫（1.69%）、颤蚓目（1.59%）和蜘蛛目（1.12%）。甘蔗园土壤动物类群数季节动态为：秋季〉冬季〉春季〉夏季,个体数季节动态为：秋季〉夏季〉春季〉冬季,多样性季节动态为：秋季〉春季〉夏季〉冬季。【结论】广西喀斯特地区甘蔗园土壤动物群落优势类群为弹尾目、蜱螨目和泄管纲3类,常见类群和稀有类群多度较低,群落多样性的季节变化受自然环境变化和人类耕作活动的双重影响,具有自身的特点和规律。

[Objective]The present experiment was conducted to investigate soil fauna diversify of sugarcane field and its characteristics and seasonal dynamics in the karst region of Guangxi, in order to provide basic data for scientifically planting sugarcane and giving full play to soil potential in the karst region. [Method ]A monthly investigation was conduct- ed from Mar., 2012 to Feb., 2013 with hand-picking, Tullgren and Baermann, so as to study soil fauna diversify of sug- arcane field in the karst region of Guangxi. [Resuh]A total of 5090 soil fauna individuals, belonging to 23 groups, 20 orders, 10 classes, 3 phyla, were collected in soil samples. Three dominant groups were Collembola（53.08%）, Aearina （ 18.84% ） and Seeernentea （ 15.99% ）, and five common groups were Diplura （2.24%）, Hymenoptera （ 1.93% ）, Diptera larva （ 1.69% ）, Tubificida （ 1.59% ） and Araneae （ 1.12% ）. Furthermore, the seasonal dynamics of soil fauna group number in sugarcane field of karst region were in order, as follows ： autumn〉winter〉spring〉summer, the seasonal dynamics of soil fauna individual number were in order, as follows： autumn〉summer〉spring〉winter, and the seasonal dynamics of diversity of soil fauna groups were in order, as follows： autumn〉spring〉summer〉winter. [Conclusion]The dominant groups of soil fauna are Collembola, Aearina and Secernentea, and the abundance of common and rare groups is low in the sugarcane field of karst region. The seasonal variation of soil fauna diversity in sugarcane field is influenced by two aspects of natural environment change and farming practice, and has its own characteristics and pattern.