广西田七病害及其与生态因子关系调查

Investigation on relationship between Panax notoginseng(Burk.)F. H. Chen diseases and its ecological factors in Guangxi

【目的】进行广西田七病害调查,为今后广西田七病害防治工作提供参考依据。【方法】2014～2015年于田七病害发生高峰期,采用平行线取样法在广西百色市不同海拔、不同遮光率、不同荫棚类型及不同七龄的田七园开展田七病害种类、分布和为害程度等调查,统计各调查点发病株数,计算发病率和病情指数;同时观察并记录各观测点的海拔、遮荫棚透光率、荫棚类型及七龄等生态因子情况。【结果】广西田七主要真菌性病害7种,分别为圆斑病、黑斑病、根腐病、炭疽病、灰霉病、白粉病和疫病。在广西百色市,田七圆斑病和黑斑病在高海拔区域发生严重;根腐病在低海拔区域发生严重;荫棚透光率越大,叶部病害越严重;避雨荫棚田七叶部病害比普通荫棚轻。【结论】圆斑病、黑斑病和根腐病是目前广西田七生产上危害最严重的病害。通过避免在地势低洼、排水不畅的地方建园,设计避雨荫棚,保持园内通风,可极大降低田七病害的发生程度。

[Objective ]Panax notoginseng （Burk.） F. H. Chen diseases in Guangxi were investigated, in order to pro- vide reference for its disease control in future. [Method]During 2014-2015, the samples of P. notoginseng diseases were collected with parallel sampling method from different altitudes, different shed transmittance, different types of shed and different ages of P. notoginseng planting gardens in the period of disease occurrence peak. The kinds, distribution and damage degree of diseases were recorded. The incidence and disease index were calculated, and the ecological factors of each observation point were observed and recorded. [ Result ] Seven fungal diseases were found, which were round spot, black spot, root rot, anthracnose, grey mould, powdery mildew and phytophthora blight. In Baise city, the round spot and black spot were more serious in high-altitude area than in low-altitude area, but root rot was more serious in low-al- titude area. Furthermore, leaf diseases were more serious in the garden with high transmittancy of shed, and were more serious in the garden with lew than in the garden with ordinary network shed. [Conclusion]Seven fungal diseases of P. no- toginseng occur in Guangxi, especially round spot, powdery mildew and root rot with the most serious damage. Further- more, the occurrence degree of these diseases can be greatly decreased by avoiding building garden on poor drainage and low-lying place, designing lew and keeping ventilation in the park.