遮阴对北高丛越橘生长及其叶片保护酶活性的影响

Effect of shading on growth and protective enzymes activities of north highbush blueberry

【目的】分析遮阴处理对北高丛越橘生长及其保护酶活性的影响,为生产上合理采用遮阴技术促进花芽形成、提高产量提供参考依据。【方法】利用市售70%遮阳网(透光率30%)对北高丛越橘品种斯巴坦、泽西和伯克利进行遮阴处理,以自然光照为对照(CK),测定其1年生枝条的长度和粗度、花芽数/枝、花芽横径和纵径,同时测定叶片过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)和抗坏血酸氧化酶(ASP)活性。【结果】斯巴坦、泽西和伯克利3个越橘品种遮阴30 d后,花芽横径和纵径分别比对应的CK粗14.73%、25.42%、33.20%和38.34%、37.72%、44.94%,POD和PPO活性分别比CK提高53.23%、43.02%、44.88%和64.00%、33.33%、116.22%,且均极显著高于CK(P<0.01,下同);斯巴坦和伯克利的花芽数/枝分别比CK多26.77%和42.13%,差异极显著;泽西的花芽数/枝及CAT活性分别比CK提高23.60%和22.94%,差异显著(P<0.05,下同);伯克利的ASP活性比CK提高33.33%,差异显著;3个越橘品种1年生枝条的长度和粗度与CK差异不显著(P>0.05)。【结论】在辽东半岛进行北高丛越橘日光温室栽培时于9月下旬利用70%遮阳网遮阴30 d,可有效提高花芽形成数量和质量。

[Objective]The effects of shading on growth and protective enzymes of north highbush blueberry were ana- lysed, in order to provide references for promoting flower bud formation and improving yield. [Method]Spartan, Jersey and Berkeley used as testing materials were shaded with commercially available sunshade net of 70% （light transmittance of 30%）, with natural sunlight as control（CK）. Then the characteristics of 1-year-old shoots were determined, including length and diameter, flower-bud number per shoot, longitudinal diameter and horizontal diameter of flower-bud and per- oxidase（pOD）, catalase（CAT）, polyphenol oxidase（PPO） and ascorbic acid oxidase（ASP） activity. [Result]Under shad- ing conditions of 30 days, the longitudinal diameters of Spartan, Jersey and Berkeley were 14.73%, 25.42% and 33.200/0 thicker than those of control, respectively, their horizontal diameters were 38.34%, 37.72% and 44.94% thicker than those of control, respectively, their POD activities were increased by 53.23%, 43.02% and 44.88%, respectively, their PPO ac- tivities were increased by 64.00%, 33.33% and 116.22% compared with those of control, respectively, so their POD and PPO activities were extremely significantly higher than those of control（P〈0.01, the same below）. The flower-bud numbers per shoot for Spartan and Berkeley were 26.77% and 42.13% higher than those of control, respectively, with extremely sig- nificant differences. And the flower-bud number per shoot and CAT activity for Jersey were increased by 23.60~/0 and 22.94% compared with those of control, with significant differences （P〈0.05, the same below）, the ASP activity for Berkeley were increased by 33.33% compared with those of control, with significant difference. There were non-significant differences in the one-year-old shoot length and diameter of three blueberry varieties （P〉0.05）. [Conclusion]When cultivating north highbush blueberry in greenhouse at Liaodong peninsul, using 70% shade net in late September for 30 days can effectively improve quantity and quality of flower-buds.