深圳鹅公湾渔业水域生态系统健康状况评价

Ecosystem health assessment of the Egong Bay fisheries area in Shenzhen

【目的】了解深圳鹅公湾典型渔业水域的生态系统健康状况,为人工鱼礁的生态效果评估、近海资源增殖和养护提供技术支撑。【方法】基于2012和2013年对深圳鹅公湾海域生态环境的综合调查资料,应用压力状态响应模型（PSR）综合指数法评估深圳鹅公湾渔业水域生态系统的健康状况。【结果】2012～2013年鹅公湾渔业水域生态系统的综合健康状况处于较健康和健康状态,综合健康指数（EHI）由高到低依次为春季〉冬季〉秋季〉夏季,影响其健康状况的主要因子是有机污染指数。鹅公湾海域人工鱼礁区的综合健康状况优于对照区,其中,人工鱼礁区的浮游植物密度、底栖生物生物量、浮游植物多样性和底栖生物多样性指标均处于健康状态,富营养指数、石油类污染指数、浮游动物生物量指标处于较健康状态,有机污染指数、鱼卵仔鱼密度和游泳生物资源密度处于亚健康状态。【结论】深圳鹅公湾海域生态系统处于较健康到健康状态,受有机污染指数、鱼卵仔鱼密度和游泳生物资源密度等因素的影响,投放人工鱼礁有助于改善鱼卵仔鱼密度和底栖生物资源的健康状况。

[Objective]The present experiment was conducted to analyze ecosystem health of the Egong Bay fisheries area, in order to provide technical support for assessment of ecological effects of artificial reefs, proliferation and mainte- nance of offshore resources. [Method]Based on survey data from 2012 to 2013, the model of ecosystem health assessment, the pressure-state-response model（PSR） comprehensive index method was applied to assess ecosystem health, status of the Egong Bay. [Result]The results showed that, the ecosystem health of the Egong Bay fisheries area was in healthy and healthier status during whole investigation period. Four seasons were ordered based on their ecosystem health indexes（EHI）, as follows： spring〉summer〉autumn〉winter. The main factor influencing ecosystem health of the Egong Bay fisheries area was organic pollution index. The health of artificial reef area in the Egong Bay fisheries area was better than that of control area. And in the artificial reef area, the density of phytoplankton, biomasses of benthic animals, diversity indexes of phy- toplankton and benthos were in healthy status, and the eutrophication index, petroleum pollution index, zooplankton biomass were in healthier status, but the organic pollution index, density of nekton and density of roe and fry were in sub-health status. [Conclusion]The Egong Bay fisheries area in Shenzhen is in healthy or healthier status, and influenced by organic pollution index, density of roe and fry resources and density of nekton resources. Artificial reefs can help to in- crease the density of roe and fry resources and health of benthos resources.