广西茶叶产业发展现状及其可持续发展对策

Present situation and sustainable development countermeasure of tea industry in Guangxi

【目的】针对目前广西茶叶产业存在的问题提出可持续发展思路,为今后广西茶业发展方向及具体措施提供参考。【方法】通过调查研究,了解当前广西茶叶产业的生产现状及发展优势,剖析制约其可持续发展的关键因素,并从生产、研发、营销三方面提出广西茶叶产业可持续发展的对策。【结果】广西具有发展茶叶生产得天独厚的气候、土地资源及种质资源优势。自2000年以来,广西茶叶产业取得了较大发展,2010～2014年年均种植面积同比增加7.69%,年均产量增长10.68%;2015年广西茶园面积7.06万ha,茶叶产量6.0万t,毛茶产值38亿元。但从2014年后广西茶叶生产发展几近停止,劳动力紧缺、茶园管理粗放、产品安全性较低、企业规模小和生产设备落后、科技创新能力弱及品牌效益低等成为制约广西茶叶产业可持续发展的主要因素。【建议】在生产层面上,推广机械化管理,推进绿色生产,建立茶叶标准园,培育职业茶农;在研发层面上,加强技术创新,提高深加工程度;在营销层面上,加大宣传力度、拓展消费渠道、开发休闲茶业等,以促进广西茶叶产业健康持续发展。

[ Objective ]Based on existing problems in tea industry of Guangxi, the sustainable development strategy of tea industry was put forward, in order to provide reference for development direction and concrete measures of tea industry in the future. [Method]Through investigation and study, the current production status and advantages in tea industry of Guangxi were known well, so as to analyze the key factors restricting sustainable development. Then, in order to devel- op sustainably tea industry, some countermeasures were put forward from the three aspects of production, research and marketing. [Result]The results showed that, due to Guangxi owning unique climate, land resources and germplasm re- sources in development of tea industry, the tea industry of Guangxi had made a great development since 2000, the annual average planting area of tea was increased by 7.69% year on year druing 2010-2014, the annual average yield of tea was increased by 10.68%. In 2015, total tea garden area in Guangxi was 7.06×104 ha, total tea yield was 6.0×104 t, total out- put of raw tea was 3.8×109 yuan. However, the tea industry of Guangxi stopped almost developing after 2014, the main reasons for this were shortage of labor force, extensive management of tea garden, small-scale enterprise production, backward production facility, lack of hi-teeh innovation capacity and low brand benefit, these disadvantages were the key factors restricting sustainable development of tea industry in Guangxi. [ Conclusion ] In order to promote sustainable health development of tea industry in Guangxi, in the production, some countermeasures should be taken, including popularizing management of agricultural mechanization, promoting green production, building standard tea garden, training professional tea farmers; in the research and development, some countermeasures should be taken, including strengthening technologi- cal innovation, raising deep-processing level; in the marketing, some countermeasures should be taken, including en- hancing propaganda, expanding marketing channel, developing leisure tea industry.