网格环境下县域基本农田建设空间布局方法研究

Spatial Layout of Basic Farmland Construction at County Scale in Grid Environment

以江西省吉安县为研究区,以新一轮农用地分等成果为数据基础,在网格环境下,选取耕地面积比、破碎度系数、分维数和集中连片系数对耕地空间布局进行综合评价,并采用局部空间自相关方法,以耕地利用等指数为空间变量,分析了耕地质量的空间分布,最后采用空间叠加组合方法,规划了基本农田建设空间布局。研究中,吉安县被划分为2 062个1 km×1 km的网格评价单元;从高到低,耕地空间布局划分为1级、2级和3级;局部空间自相关类型划分为HH、LL、HL和LH等4种类型。研究结果显示,吉安县基本农田空间布局划分为优先划入型、集中整治型和后备开发型的耕地面积占比分别为36.26%、22.70%和41.04%,在空间分布上,优先划入型主要分布于研究区中部的浬田、梅塘、登龙和官田等乡镇,以及研究区东部的部分区域;集中整治型主要分布于研究区北部的万福镇、桐坪镇以及南部的部分区域;后备开发型主要分布于研究区西南部和北部。通过耦合耕地空间布局和耕地利用质量空间聚集,满足了基本农田建设'集中连片、质量好'的要求,为基本农田建设合理空间布局提供科学、可行的依据。

Reasonable partition of basic farmland construction is of great significance to arable land protection and food security. Based on farmland classification data and taking Ji＇ an county of Jiangxi province as the study area, this study selected arable land area ratio, fragmentation index, fractal dimension index and integrate index of connectivity for comprehensive evaluation of arable land spatial layout. Then, with the method of local Moran＇s I spatial autocorrelation, the spatial structural characteristics and agglomerate regulation of arable land quality were explored by taking the arable land use quality index as the spatial variable. Finally, by spatial superposition combination, the spatial layout planning of basic farmland construction was given. The results showed that the arable land of the study area was divided into 2 062 units which were arable land with 1 km x 1 km grid. The arable land spatial layout was classified into three grades： first grade, second grade and third grade. The local spatial autocorrelation was divided into 4 types, including HH, LL, HL and LH. The basic farmland spatial layout was divided into priority delimited type, centralized regulation type and reserved development type, whose arable land ratio were 36.26% , 22.70% and 41.04% , respectively. The priority delimited type distributed in the central, including Litian, Meitang, Denglong, Guantian towns and eastern part of the study area. The centralized regulation type mainly distributed in northern study area, including Wanfu, Tongping towns and parts of southern study area. The reserved development type distributed in northern Ji＇ an county and eastern Ji＇ an county. With considering of arable land spatial layout and spatial agglomerate regulation of arable land quality, this study can provide reference for layout planning of the basic farmland construction.