功能集成型磁流变阻尼器设计与试验

Design and Experiment of Multi-functional Magnetorheological Damper

设计了一种集振动能量采集、速度自感应和阻尼力可控功能于一体的功能集成型磁流变阻尼器,该磁流变阻尼器的振动能量采集和速度自感应装置内置于阻尼器活塞杆空腔内,通过紧固销和紧固片将8个永磁铁和8个隔片按序固定安装在支撑杆上。在永磁铁作用下,缠绕在感应线圈绕线架上的感应线圈产生感应电压,实现振动机械能的能量采集;另外采集到的感应电压与活塞杆速度成正比例关系,可实现速度自感应。推导了振动能量采集和速度自感应数学模型,并采用ANSYS有限元仿真软件对振动能量采集进行了电磁场仿真分析。搭建试验台对所设计的功能集成型磁流变阻尼器进行了性能测试分析,试验结果表明:在0.06 m/s的激励下,振动能量采集装置能产生1.0 V的直流电压;感应电压与加载速度基本成正比例关系;另外,对该阻尼器的励磁线圈施加0.6 A的直流电时,能产生750 N左右的阻尼力,实现阻尼力可控。

A multi-functional magnetorheological （MR） damper with energy harvesting, velocity self- sensing and controlled damping force was designed, fabricated and tested. The energy harvesting and velocity self-sensing mechanism was composed of a permanent magnet array and induced coils which moved vertically. The proposed MR damper used the piston rod as the sharing component between the energy harvesting and velocity self-sensing mechanism and the MR damper part, and this shared component could isolate the magnetic field between two function areas. The mathematical model for the energy harvesting and self-sensing capability of the proposed MR damper was derived. Finite element model of the energy harvesting part was built up to address the power generating efficiency using ANSYS software. Experimental tests were carried out to address the performances of the proposed MR damper. The results showed that the damping force was ranged from 200 N at the current of 0 A to 750 N at the current of 0.6 A. The dynamic range equaled to about 3.75. The AC-DC rectifier was applied on the power generating, and the results showed that 1.0 V DC voltage output was harvested after the AC-DC processing. Meanwhile, the velocity self-sensing performance was experimentally evaluated under different excitation frequencies and amplitudes. The experimental results showed a well fit curve under different excitations. In other words, the efficiency and feasibility of the velocity self-sensing capability of the MR damper were proved.