商人雇主制:方显廷论乡村工业的一体化模式

Merchant Employer System as an Integrative Model of Rural Industry Described by Fang Xianting

本文围绕方显廷在南开经济研究所所做的对华北地区乡村工业——特别是对高阳织布业的调查,分析了商人雇主制作为一种乡村工业的一体化模式在生产、销售和资金流通当中所发挥的作用。商人雇主依靠中间人和散处工人组织生产,依靠布线庄销售其产品,并依靠钱庄进行资金融通。在地方金融体系中,他们创造性地运用了"拨条"制度,并利用"跑街"减少因"贴水"而造成的资金损失。但是,商人雇主制也有其固有的缺陷,需要用合作制度加以解决。对商人雇主制的研究有非常重要的学术和现实意义。

This paper focuses on merchant employer system,a conception raised by H.D.Fongin the course of production,marketing and ? nancial circulation of cotton weaving industry in Hopei province in the second quarter of 20th century,as an integrative model of rural industrialization.Merchant employers formulated an organization among middle and sub-middle people,salaried agents and outside workers,sold their products by Buxianzhuang seller,and made ? nancial trading by private banks.In the local ? nancial system,they carried out an institution called ‘Botiao',by which they could reduce monetary loss under the condition of capital shortage.However,the merchant employer system itself had some inherent defect,which should be overcome by co-operation.