产能过剩、进入壁垒与民营企业行为波及

Excess Capacity, Barriers to Entry and the Behavior of Private Enterprises

民营企业是市场经济的重要主体,其市场进入行为与投资行为对市场供给状况产生重要影响。在分析民营企业进入行为、投资行为和生产研发行为特点的基础上,研究了民营企业行为对制造业产能过剩的影响机制,并实证测度了制造业产能过剩程度、民营企业进入壁垒和民企行为对制造业产能过剩的影响程度。研究发现:民营企业在进入相关行业时的羊群性群体涌入行为将带来大量投资,进入行业后生产规模偏好性以及研发创新惰性将导致产能同质化,民营企业进入行政性垄断行业的"玻璃门"壁垒将导致民营企业扎堆进入壁垒较低的制造业部门,从而加剧制造业产能过剩程度。降低行政性垄断行业进入壁垒、营造公平竞争的市场环境、引导民营企业的进入和投资行为、加快供给侧结构性改革和技术创新步伐,可以有效化解制造业产能过剩。

The private enterprises are important subjects of market economy, thus both the entry and the investment behavior of private enterprises will exert an important impact on the market supply. Based on the analyzing the characteristics of the entry, investment, production and research behavior of private enterprises, this paper studied the influencing mechanism of private enterprises＇ behavior on the capacity of manufacturing industry, measured the overcapacity rate and entry barriers for private enterprises, and analyzed how the private enterprises affect overcapacity through quantitative measurement and empirical analysis. The results show that the herd effect which private enterprises entry an industry will bring massive investment. But after they entered, their preference on production scale and R＆D innovation inertia will cause the capacity homogeneity. The ＂glass door＂ barriers to entry will force private enterprises enter the manufacturing sectors which have lower access barrier, and exacerbate overeapacity in the end. To dissolve the current overeapacity problem, it is necessary to reduce the entry barriers of the administrative monopoly industry, create a fair competitive market environment, guide the private enterprises＇ entry and investment behavior, and strengthen supply-side structure reform and the pace of technical innovation.