华北平原农业机械化发展及其服务市场形成

The Development of Agricultural Mechanization in North China Plain and the Formation of Agricultural Mechanization Service Market

华北平原地区探索出的小规模经营条件下的大马力机械化模式推动了我国农业机械化快速发展。华北平原地区之所以会形成这种机械化发展模式,是因为该地区出现了农机作业服务市场。从生产要素角度对农机作业服务市场在华北平原出现的经济原因的分析表明,农业机械与劳动力之间存在一定的替代关系,农业机械与土地之间存在一定的互补关系;劳动力与资本的相对价格不断上涨刺激了农民的机械需求,这是农机作业服务市场出现的前提条件;地貌类型与经营规模的匹配程度,将决定一个地区能否实现农业机械化及其实现形式;华北平原地区地貌类型与经营规模不相匹配,是推动社会分工、产生新的市场——农机作业服务市场的根本原因。

Big agricultural machinery is widely adopted by small holdings in north China plain. This special mode of agricultural mechanization is enabling a rapid development of agricultural mechanization across China. The reason why this happens in north China plain is that an agricultural machinery operation services market is created in this region. Such a market is created because, from a perspective of agricultural factors, there is a substitute relationship between agricultural machinery and labor, and a complementary relationship between agricultural machinery and land. And the increasing relative price of labor and capital has stimulated farmers＇ demand for agricultural machinery, which is the precondition of agricultural machinery operation services markets. In addition, matching degrees between the types of geomorphic and the scale of operation is the determining factor of whether and how a regional agricultural mechanization is being realized. The geomorphic type and the scale of operation in north China plain＇ does not match. This is the root cause of the social division of labor and born of the new market of agricultural machinery operation services.