中国劳动力市场的成熟度测度:2000～2014

Measurement of Maturity of China's Labor Market:2000～2014

劳动力市场发育状况不仅直接对就业、收入分配等产生影响,而且还是影响整个经济社会发展的重要因素。将成熟度的概念引入对劳动力市场发育的评估过程中,建立包含市场主体、流动性、灵活性、政府作用4个维度12个指标的评估体系,在对比各种评估方法的基础上,综合使用专家咨询法和主成分分析法,对2000～2014年中国区域劳动力市场成熟度进行了评估。研究结果表明：中国劳动力市场成熟度呈现一种正金字塔型的结构,少数地区的劳动力市场成熟度较高,大多数省份处于中等或中等以下水平;地区间劳动力市场发育程度的差异化逐步扩大;一个地区的经济发展水平越发达,其劳动力市场成熟度水平越高。劳动力市场建设应从加快全国市场体系建设、促进劳动力市场一体化发展、加快人力资源服务业发展、提升公共就业服务质量、减少不必要的政府干预等方面入手。

The development of labor market not only directly affects the employment and income distribution, but also is the important factor affecting the development of the economy and society. This paper introduces the concept of maturity into the evaluation process of the development of the labor market and establishes evaluation system including the market subject, mobility, flexibility, the government role in 4 dimensions of 12 indicators, on the basis of expert consultation method and principal component analysis, this paper evaluates the development of China＇s labor market from 2000 to 2014, and the results show that the maturity level of labor market presented a positive pyramid structure, and the level in a few areas was much higher, but in most provinces was in the middle or below the middle level, and the regional differentiation of development degree of labor market in China is expanding gradually. The more developed the level of regional economic is, the higher maturity degree of labor market will be. The measures for the building of the labor market include speeding up the national market system construction, promoting the integrated development of the labor market, speeding up the human resource service industry development, improving the public employment service quality, reducing unnecessary government intervention.