微观经济学演进轨迹及其下一步

Evolution of Microeconomics and Its Next Step

20世纪30年代以来,微观经济学经历了四次大的变革,即20世纪30年代的"垄断竞争"理论革命、四五十年代的"不确定性"理论革命、七八十年代的"信息、激励和不完全性"理论革命,以及20世纪90年代至今的"异质性、搜寻、匹配与机制设计"理论革命。微观经济学发展的总趋势是缩小"市场失灵"的范围,在接近真实世界的过程中逐渐放弃原来的同质性、完全竞争、完全信息和对称信息的假设。在微观经济学按真实世界面貌来修正自己的理论的过程中,数学方法和抽象分析方法变得日益精致、精准。微观经济学理论逼近真实世界的过程,也是理论本身向基本理论回复的过程。

Since 1930s, microeconomics has experienced four major changes, namely ＂monopolistic competition＂ theory revolution in 1930s, ＂uncertainty＂ theory revolution in 1940s and 1950s, ＂information, incentive and incomplete＂ theory revolution in 1970s and 1980s, ＂heterogeneity, search, matching and mechanism design＂ theory revolution in 1990s so far. The general trend of the development of microeconomics is to narrow the scope of ＂market failure＂, and gradually give up the assumption of homogeneity, complete competition, complete information and symmetrical information in the process of approaching the real World. In the process of revising the theory of microeconomics according to the real world outlook, the mathematical methods and abstract analysis methods have become increasingly refined and accurate. The process of approaching the real world by the theory of micro economics is also the process of the theory itself to the basic theory.