刑法上关涉的因果关系的必然性与偶然性问题之消解

On the resolution of the issue of the inevitability and contingency concerned with criminal law

归责的事实基础是多元的,除了动力因与结果之间的狭义因果关系,还包括条件—结果关系和根据—结果关系。动力因与结果之间的狭义因果关系与形而上学因果关系不是简单的特殊与一般之关系,并非均具必然性,还可以是盖然性的联系,以因果性作用为中介的条件—结果关系和根据—结果关系更是如此,因此就归责的事实基础讨论广义因果关系的必然性与偶然性问题于逻辑不合。作为外部事实的行为与结果之间广义因果关系的必然性与偶然性不是具有普遍意义的问题,为归责只须问某一结果是法理上必然的结果还是偶然的结果。法理上的必然结果与偶然结果相关于行为人的认识与意志而言,就结果是否以行为人的意志为根据而论。

The factual basis of responsibility is plural, including narrow causation between dynamic cause and effect, condition-effect relation and ground-effect relation. The narrow causation between dynamic cause and effect is not simply the particular concept under the causation in metaphysics as general concept, and not always inevitable but probable in some cases, let alone the condition-effect relation and ground-effect relation acted through causal function as intermediary, so it is not logical to discuss the issue of inevitability and contingency of broad causation concerning the factual basis of responsibility. The issue of inevitability and contingency of broad causation between the action and effect as external facts does not always make sense, what is concerned with responsibility is just the question that some effect is inevitable effect or contingent effect in jurisprudence which refers to the knowledge and will of an agent and is determined by whether the agents＇ will is the ground of the effect.