茶树籽和油茶籽中脂溶性化学成分的比较研究

Comparative Study on Lipophilic Components in Tea Seed and Camellia

收集24个不同品种的成熟茶树籽和油茶籽样品,分析出仁率、脂肪、脂肪酸组成以及角鲨烯和β-谷甾醇等脂溶性化学成分状况。结果表明,13个油茶籽样品中,平均出仁率、脂肪、棕榈酸、棕榈烯酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸、顺-11-二十碳烯酸分别为70.1%、51.7%、13.8%、0.1%、3.1%、72.7%、9.4%、0.6%、0.4%,而11个茶树籽中平均值分别为64.2%、31.6%、14.7%、0.1%、2.7%、59.2%、21.8%、0.4%、1.0%。油茶籽中角鲨烯含量为61.3-296.1 mg/kg,茶树籽则含有17.2-227.0 mg/kg。油茶籽中角鲨烯平均含量149.0 mg/kg为茶树籽平均112.5 mg/kg的1.32倍。茶树籽中β-谷甾醇含量为313.3-558.1 mg/kg,油茶籽中则为52.6-122.8 mg/kg。前者平均值443.3 mg/kg为后者80.8 mg/kg的5.5倍。通过相关分析,油酸与单不饱和脂肪酸,亚油酸与多不饱和脂肪酸,均呈现绝对正相关。通过聚类分析,茶树籽与油茶籽能很好地被区分成两大类。

Twenty four different varieties tea seed and camellia samples were collected to analysis kernel, fat, fatty acid composition, squalene and β-Sitosterol. Results showed that the average content of kernel, fat, palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid and cis-11-Eicosenoic acid were 70.1%、51.7%、13.8%、0.1%、3.1%、72.7%、9.4%、0.6%、0.4% in Camellia. And the values were 64.2%、31.6%、14.7%、0.1%、2.7 %、59.2%、21.8%、0.4%、1.0% in Tea seed, accordingly. Squalene content in Camellia is litter higher than in tea seed. Samples of Camellia content of squalene are in the range of 61.3-296.1 mg/kg which averages 149.03 mg/kg,and the content of squalene are between 17.2-227.0 g/kg,of average 112.45 mg/kg in tea seed. Consequently the content of squalene in Camellia for nearly 1.32 times than in tea seed. The content of β-Sitosterol is 313.3-558.1 mg/kg and the average value is 443.3 mg/kg in tea seed. But the lowest content of squalene in Camellia sample is 52.6 mg/kg, while the highest is 122.8 mg/kg, mean of 80.8 mg/kg. So the content of β-Sitosterol in tea seed is nearly 5.5 times than which in Camellia. There were positive correlation both in Oleic acid with Monounsaturated fatty acids and linoleic acid with polyunsaturated fatty acids by correlation analysis.The tea seed samples and Camellia samples were divided into two classes by cluster analysis.