中国出口贸易的水足迹与贸易结构优化研究

Water Footprint of Chinese Exports and Optimization of the Exports Composition

本文利用2012年的投入产出表与行业数据,分析我国出口贸易的水足迹,并模拟分析优化我国出口贸易结构的节水、环保与经济效益。研究表明,蓝色水与灰色水密集型行业出口贸易在我国出口贸易中的总体比重较低,这有利于节约我国水资源与保护水环境,但部分蓝色水与灰色水密集型行业产品出口所占的比重仍较大,需要进一步优化出口贸易结构。2012年,我国出口贸易的水足迹高达1540亿立方米,主要集中于制造业与农产品及其加工业。在兼顾减少水足迹与提高贸易增加值情况下,优化我国出口贸易结构,不但能够获得良好的"节水"与"环保"效益,而且还能够取得较大的经济效益。

The water footprints of exports in China are analyzed respectvery baseu on me data of Chinese IO table and industries of 2012, and then effects of water saving, environmental protection and economic resulted from optimizing composition of China＇s exports are simulated in this paper. The research results are as follows. The proportion of exports from the blue and grey water intensive industries in Chinese is generally small and virtual water in- tensity of imports is larger than that of exports which are advantageous for Chinese water re- sources, but proportion of export products made by some blue and grey water intensive in- dustries is larger, so the composition of exports should be optimized in order to reduce water footprints. Water footprints of Chinese exports is 154 billion tones in 2012 which are centered in manufacturing industries, agriculture and farm produce processing industries. Considerable effects of water saving, environmental protection and economic will be obtained if the compo- sition exports is optimized under the condition of giving consideration to reducing water foot- prints and increasing economic effects.