纳米金放射增敏效应的研究进展

Research progress of gold nanoparticle radiosensitization

以纳米金为代表的高Z纳米材料，是当前纳米放射增敏研究的热点和重点。本文总结了纳米材料放射增敏的研究现状，包括纳米金的体内外实验进展、蒙特卡罗模拟计算结果以及铂、银、钆等高Z金属纳米材料、金属氧化物纳米材料的放射增敏研究；总结了近年来纳米金放射增敏效应的研究进展，包括细胞特异性、射线类型/能量、生理/生化环境、材料粒径、浓度及表面修饰等众多因素对纳米金放射增敏的影响，与此同时，不少关于纳米金增敏机理的研究也在进行着，基于新近的研究进展，可以看出，纳米金增敏并非局限于物理层面的微观剂量增强效应，而是在多种物理、化学与生物学过程综合影响下的复杂效应。

High Z nanomaterial, especially gold nanoparticle is a hot spot and key point in current researches of radiotherapy sensitization. Recent research progress in gold nanoparticle radiosensitization including the newly reported in vitro and in vivo experiments, the Monte Carlo simulation conclusions and other researches focusing on radiosensitization effects of other high Z nanoparticles such as platinum, silver, gadolinium and metal oxide are reviewed. This paper also discussed the influencing factorsand mechanisms ofnanoparticle radiosensitization, such as cell specificity, radiation type andenergy, physiological and biochemical environment, the size, concentration and surface modificationof nanoparticles. It turns out that the gold nanoparticle radiosensitization is not limited to the microscopic dose enhancement effect on physical level, but is a comprehensive consequenceinfluenced by a variety of physical, chemical and biological progresses.