基于高通量测序技术分析北京清香型大曲微生物多样性

Analysis on microbial diversity of Beijing light-flavor Daqu by high-throughput sequencing

利用高通量测序方法对北京某清香型酒厂大曲细菌16S rDNA V4区和真菌ITS1区进行测序分析其微生物多样性,并对大曲微生物在不同分类水平相对丰度进行统计。结果表明:大曲中在细菌操作分类单元(OTU)为47、真菌OTU为11,细菌种类较真菌种类丰富;细菌中优势菌是乳酸菌,包括乳杆菌属、片球菌属、乳球菌属、明串珠菌属四个属。同时也检测到醋杆菌属、芽孢杆菌属等;真菌中优势菌是假丝酵母属,此外还有曲霉属、毛霉属、威克汉姆酵母属等;对大曲物种Alpha多样性分析表明测序深度基本覆盖该酒曲中微生物种类;最后分析讨论了大曲优势微生物在白酒酿造中的功能。该研究对于指导白酒生产具有重要意义。

In order to analyze microbial diversity in Beijing light-flavor Daqu, 16S rDNA V4 region and ITS1 region were analyzed by high-through- put sequencing technology, then the relative abundance of Daqu microbes in the different classification levels were counted. The results showed that Daqu bacteria operational taxonomic units （OTU） was 47, fungi OTU was 11, the varieties of bacteria was more abundant than that of fungi. Lactic acid bacteria were the predominant bacteria, including Lactobacillus, Pediococcus, Lactococcus, Leuconostoc, and Bacillus and Acetobacter were al- so detected. Candida was the predominant fungi. Aspergillus, Rhizomucor, Wickerhamomyces and other genus were also identified. Alpha diversity analysis showed that the number of analyzed sequences was enough to cover microbial species in Daqu. Finally, the possible function of dominant microbes in the process of Baijiu-making was discussed. This study had important significance for the guidance of Baijiu （Chinese liquor） production.