以精准扶贫实现精准脱贫：中国农村反贫困的新思路

Shaking off Poverty by Accurate Poverty Reduction Methods: New Thoughts to Fight against Poverty in Chinese Rural Areas

改革开放以来,中国取得了举世瞩目的减贫成就。中国大规模减贫是由经济的高速增长、大规模区域性扶贫开发、社会保障政策、广覆盖的惠农政策和平等的土地分配制度等因素共同作用的结果。但收入分配不平等的大幅度增加使经济增长的减贫效应不断下降,中国需要更加有针对性的扶贫政策。精准扶贫通过对贫困人口的精准识别和综合性的帮扶措施,来提高扶贫的效率和效果,但面临贫困人口素质低、致贫因素多样复杂、资金管理缺乏灵活性等问题,需要在识别方法、帮扶方式、资金管理和考核评估方面进行创新。

China has achieved remarkable poverty reduction since the reform and opening up policy. The large-scale poverty reduction is realized through the joint effect of fast economic growth,regional development strategy aiming at poverty alleviation,implementation of social welfare programs and agricultural policies benefiting everyone in rural areas,and equal land distribution. However,enlarging inequality of income distribution has reduced the effectiveness of economic growth to poverty reduction and a more targeted approach is needed. Through accurate identification of the poor households and assisting the poor with a set of integrated measures,accurate household targeting strategy intends to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of rural poverty reduction. Implementation of this strategy needs innovations in identification,ways of assisting the poor,fund management,monitoring and evaluation to deal with constraints such as low capability of the poor,multiple and diversified causes of poverty,inappropriate management of poverty reduction funds.