试析后苏哈托时代印尼政府的孔教政策

A Tentative Analysis of the Indonesian Government's Policy toward the Confucianism Since the Post-Suharto Era

在苏哈托时代,随着一系列以"全面同化华人"的名义而出台的近乎灭绝华人民族文化政策的实施,孔教丧失了在印尼建国初期所具备的六大合法宗教的地位。1998年"五月暴乱"后,苏哈托下台,历届印尼政府出于安抚华人社会、重塑印尼国际形象的需要,开始重新对待孔教。哈比比、瓦希德、梅加瓦蒂等都表示承认孔教的合法地位。而到了2006年,孔教终于被"扶正"。苏西洛总统正式宣布政府承认孔教,宗教部、内政部和国民教育部也相继承认孔教徒的合法权利,如婚姻登记、课堂教学等。可以说,在"后苏哈托时代",孔教成为了政府稳定华人社会、向华人社会释放善意的工具和媒介。

During the Suharto Era,the Indonesian Confucianism（Agama Khonghucu）was forced to lose its legal status as one of the six legal religions in the beginning of The Republic of Indonesia,along with a series of policies which aimed to destroy Chinese culture carried out by President Suharto in the name of ＂Total Assimilation of Chinese＂. After the riots of May 1998,Suharto was forced to resign,and then his successors tried to change the policy towards the Confucianism in order to appease the Chinese community and reshape the national image in the world.Habibie,Wahid and Megawati claimed that they recognized the Confucianism＇s legal status. In 2006,the Confucianism finally acquired its legal status. Susilo officially claimed that the government recognized its legal status normally,the Ministry of Religious,the Ministry of the Interior and The National Ministry of Education recognized some legal rights of the Confucianism,such as the marriage registration and the classroom teaching. To some extent,since the Post- Suharto Era,the Confucianism is used as a tool or media for the Indonesian government to stabilize the Chinese community and express goodwill to them.