鲍德温·斯宾塞与后维多利亚时代的古典人类学

Baldwin Spencer and Classical Anthropology in the Post-Victorian Era

作为后维多利亚时代的人类学家,鲍德温·斯宾塞(Baldwin Spencer)率先开展了澳洲中部和北部的土著部落考察,由此诞生的一系列民族志文本深刻影响了相关学科对于亲属制度、图腾、原始宗教等方面的研究。在古典学、人类学等领域,斯宾塞的学术遗产得到了普遍的尊重与承认,并为后续的学术思考与讨论奠定了可能性。本文以时间和事件为基本线索,系统介绍斯宾塞早期学科训练与知识背景、中期民族志调查与书写、晚期火地岛研究与田野转向三个方面的内容。基于斯宾斯生平史与学术史的文本研究对于理解其民族志调查与民族志文本将大有裨益。

The post-Victorian anthropologist Baldwin Spencer was the first to investigate the central and northern aboriginal tribes of Australia. His ethnographic works in this area have greatly in- fluenced related disciplines and studies in fields such as kinship, totem worship, and primitive religions. In the field of classics and anthropology, Spencer＇s academic heritage has received widespread respect and recognition, and has made sub- sequent academic discussion possible. In order to present Spencer＇s personal experiences and aca- demic ideas clearly and comprehensively, it is nec- essary to return to the post - Victorian context, and comb Spencer＇ s life history and academic history. Taking important clues from various times an e- vents in his life, the paper introduces three peri- ods： Spencer＇s early training in the discipline and his epistemic background, his medium -term eth- nographic investigations and works, and the later investigations of Tierra del Fuego. Textual study, based on Spencer＇s life history and academic histo- ry, is very useful to understand his ethnographic investigations.