云南少数民族老年妇女经济保障的结构性脆弱——社会性别视角

The Structural Fragility of the Economic Security of Elderly Ethnic Women in Yunnan

少数民族老年妇女是我国人口的重要组成部分。本研究以云南少数民族老年妇女为例,对她们在经济保障方面存在问题及原因进行了详实分析,发现少数民族妇女在经济保障方面无养老金占比较大,财产权益无法保障、丧偶等导致的贫困率高。究其原因,广泛存在的不平等社会性别关系在长期的社会生活中逐渐累积,少数民族女性地位低下的状况仍较为严重,父母对少数民族女童教育期望低及长期非正规就业累积影响,对少数民族女性地位有着致命性的影响。提出国家关注少数民族地区经济发展,倡导性别平等的文化观念,重视男女两性老年人对政策的不同需求,改善少数民族地区中青年妇女的就业,完善城乡社会保障制度,才能真正提高少数民族老年女性的经济保障。

1. The current situation of ethnic minority women＇ s economic security One of the most prominent problems faced by the international community is how to ensure the economic security of the elderly, and how to help those elderly people who have lost the ability to work to be properly cared for. According to Yang Shijie＇s investigation, 75% of the poor population in Yunnan are ethnic minorities, and of this figure, minority women are more impoverished than men. 1. The poverty rate in Yunnan is a little bit higher than the national average poverty level. Although Yunnan＇s economic indicators have made considerable progress, they have yet to reach the national average because of the province＇s homogenous industrial structure, low level of industrialization, and high proportion of resource industries. The average wage of workers in Yunnan is only 85.85% of the national average wage, and the poverty rate is higher than the national average.