合同方法保护非物质文化遗产:理论、经验及对我国启示

The Application of Contractual Method in the Protection of Intangible Cultural Heritage: Theory,Experience and its Enlightenments

非物质文化遗产是群体或个人重要的经济性财产。《生物多样性公约》等国际法文件中引入事先知情同意制度为各国通过强制性合同方法规制非物质文化遗产的跨国利用提供重要的制度参照。然而,事先知情同意再国外的相关实践并不令人如意。对于强制合同中的代表问题,应采取一种审慎的方法:应采取国家主权与习惯做法相结合的方法,同时兼顾我国非遗源生地传统群体缺乏非遗交易特别是跨国贸易相关经验的事实。

Intangible cultural heritages （ICHs） are the important economic assets that belong to communities or individuals. Such international documents as United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity { CBD } have es- tablished an institutional basis for the contracting parties by setting up a prior informed consent system （ PIC）. However, the practice of PIC system is not satisfying. The cautious attitude shall be adopted towards the issue of representatives in compulsory contracts by combining national sovereignty and conventional practice together and knowing the fact that traditional communities from the places of the origins of ICHs in China lack relevant domestic and international experiences of transactions of ICHs.