成人骨迷路与内耳道解剖学观察及测量

Anatomical observation and measurement of bone labyrinth and internal auditory canal

目的对成人颞骨骨迷路及内耳道结构进行解剖学观察和测量,为积累解剖学数据以及为临床内耳手术提供解剖学基础支持。方法对30侧(左16,右14)成人干性颞骨标本的骨迷路及内耳道结构进行解剖观察,并对相关结构进行测量。结果(1)标本观察结果:前庭为卵圆锥形腔隙,其长轴与矢状面约呈33°夹角;内耳道底可分为四区,其下部面区与前庭下区相交略呈90°角,蜗区螺旋孔列骨嵴与蜗螺旋管内环相接,同样绕其旋转圈。(2)数据测量结果:各测量项左、右侧均值比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);上、后、外半规管长度均值比较及上、后、外半规管脚间距均值比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);后半规管分别与上、外半规管管径均值比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而上、外半规管管径均值比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论左、右耳骨迷路及内耳道各测量项均值差异无统计学意义;后半规管长度>上半规管长度>外半规管长度;上半规管脚间距>外半规管脚间距>后半规管脚间距;后半规管管径大于上、外半规管管径,而上、外半规管之间管径却无差异。

Objective To conduct the anatomical observation and measurement on adult temporal bone labyrinth and internal auditory canal structures to accumulate the anatomical data and provide anatomical basis for clinical internal ear surgery.MethodsThirty sides（left 16 and right 14）of adult dry temporal bone labyrinth and internal auditory canal structures were anatomically observed and the related structures were measured.Results（1）The specimen observation：the vestibule was egg conical cavity,and angle between long axis and sagittal plane was about 33°.The floor of internal auditory canal were divided into four districts,which angle between the inferior surface and vestibule was about 90°,the connection between tractus spiralis foraminosus bone crest of cochlea area and inguinal ring of cochlear spiral canal was the same rotated laps.（2）The data measurement：the comparison of means in various measurement items had no statistical differences between the left side and right side（P〉0.05）;the comparison of mean length and crus distance had statistical differences among superior semicircular canal,posterior semicircular canal,lateral semicircular canal（P〈0.05）;the comparison of means had statistical difference among posterior semicircular canal and superior semicircular canal,lateral semicircular canal（P〈0.05）,but the comparison of means had no statistical difference between superior semicircular canal and lateral semicircular canal（P〉0.05）.Conclusion The means of various measurement items in bone labyrinth and internal auditory canal have no difference between the left side and right side;the comparison of length means：posterior semicircular canal〉superior semicircular canal〉lateral semicircular canal;the comparison of crus distance means：superior semicircular canal〉lateral semicircular canal〉posterior semicircular canal;the comparison of diameter means：posterior semicircular canal〉superior and lateral semicircular canal,but the diameter has no difference between superior semicircular canal and lateral semicircular canal.