整合性乡村更新实践及其对中国新型城镇化的启示——以德国韦亚恩为例

Integrated Village Renewal Practices and Its Enlightenment on the New Urbanization in China: A Case Study of Weyarn, Germany

新型城镇化是中国今后发展的大战略,深度改革的总抓手,与之密切相关的乡村更新成为热点并向高级阶段发展。从德国整合性乡村更新的策略与代表性案例韦亚恩实践出发,就整合性乡村更新的由来、内涵界定、策略实施以及城乡的双向驱动发展进行了理论及实践总结。研究表明,韦亚恩整合性乡村更新发展策略有:凝聚共同的发展愿景,高度的公众参与,专业帮助和网络的合作,土地管理的有效运作,乡村阻滞城市向郊区的蔓延,地方政府发挥了主导作用。对于中国都市乡村的新型城镇化建设,得出以下启示:"乡愁"是整合性乡村更新的根基,丰富了新型城镇化建设的内涵;公众实质性参与是整合性乡村更新的基础,提升了新型城镇化实施的凝聚力;人才是整合性乡村更新的关键要素,保障了新型城镇化的健康持续;宜居是整合性乡村更新的理想目标,引领了新型城镇化的价值取向;高效服务是整合性乡村更新的有力保障,倒逼了新型城镇化的政策突破。整合性乡村更新提升了社区建设品质,夯实了新型城镇化建设的战略基点。

New-type urbanization is a grand strategy for future long-term development of China, and serves as grasps of the reform in depth. Closely related village renewal would quickly become a hot spot and develop into an advanced stage. From the theory of the German integrated village renewal and the practice of the Weyarn renewal, the origin of the integrated village renewal, content definition, the Weyarn rural development policies and bidirectional influence were summarized in this paper. It is shown that Weyarn integrated village renewal development strategy includes： cohesion of common development vision and a high level of public participation, professional help and network cooperation, effective operation of land management, the rural area blocking the spread of the city to the suburbs, and the leading role of local government. For the construction of new urbanization in urban village regions, some enlightenment can be attained： ＂Nostalgia＂ is the foundation of the integrated village to extend and enrich the connotation of the construction of new urbanization. Public participation is a substantial basis for the village to update and enhance the implementation of the new urbanization cohesion. Talents are the key elements of the village updated to ensure the continued health of the new urbanization. The ideal goal is livable village renewal, guiding the new urbanization value orientation. Efficient service is a strong guarantee for village renewal, leading to the new urbanization policy breakthroughs. Integrated village renewal improves the quality of community building and strengthens the strategic basis for the construction of new urbanization.