两种灌水量对冬小麦农艺性状及产量的影响

Effects of Two Irrigation on the Agronomic Traits and the Yield of Winter Wheat

【目的】发掘冬小麦品种抗旱种质资源,在两种灌水处理条件下,田间筛选小麦抗旱资源,拓宽新疆冬小麦抗旱遗传育种选择范围。【方法】以4份新疆、16份黄淮麦区冬小麦品种（系）为材料,分别在5次灌水和3次灌水处理条件下,对小麦单株成穗数、株高、穗长、穗基部不育、穗顶部不育、小穗数、穗粒数、千粒重、产量等9个农艺性状和产量指标进行分析。【结果】两种处理下,20份材料的9个农艺性状总体差异较大,5次灌溉处理下大部分性状的均值高于3次灌溉处理;各个性状的变异系数差异较大;各性状抗旱系数变化在0.75~1.13;产量差异达到显著水平,两种灌水处理下产量都在前7位之内的有山农15号,烟农23号、新冬20号、新冬22号和新冬18号共5个品种;产量都在后6位之内的有山农12号、泰山22号、石4185号、石新616号和石麦18号共5个品种。【结论】适当增加灌水次数可以增加冬小麦产量。尤其是幼苗分蘖和籽粒灌浆成熟期保持充足的水分,对提高冬小麦产量有促进作用。相对黄淮麦区的冬小麦品种,新疆自育的冬小麦品种表现出较强的抗旱性。

【Objective】In order to explore winter wheat drought-resistant germplasms in different irrigation treatments,the project aims to screen wheat germplasm resources in the filed to widen the range of Xinjiang winter drought-resistance germplasm resources and breeding.【Method】There were 20 kinds of winter wheat,which four from Xinjiang and 16 from Huanghuai area were chosen to investigate 9 characters under 5irrigation times and 3 irrigation treatments. The nine characters were： number of spikes per plant,plant height,ear length,the sterile of basal spikelet,the sterile of top spikelet,spikelet number,kernels per spike,thousand kernel weight and yield.【Result】9 agronomic characters of 20 copies of the material was significantly different from each other,most of the average of 5 irrigation treatment times were higher than 3 times under this two kinds of irrigation treatment; the variation coefficient of each character was exactly different;Various characters drought-resistant coefficient ranged from 0. 75 to 1. 13; Yield difference reached significant level,which under the condition of two irrigation treatment quantity,production always within the top seven were Shannon 15,Yannong 23,Xindong 20,Xindong 22 and Xindong 18; Production in the post six were Shannong 12,Taishan 22,Shi 4185,Shixin 616 and Shimai 18. 【Conclusion 】Increasing irrigation times can increase winter wheat yields. Especially in the seedling tillering and grain filling stage of grain maturation,keeping enough water supply can to improve the winter wheat yield. Compared with Huanghuai winter wheat varieties,winter wheat varieties bred in Xinjiang showed stronger drought resistance.