近十年来中国公众社会公平评价的特征分析

Analysis on the Characteristics of Evaluation on Social Justice of Chinese People in the Past Ten Years

我们利用"中国社会状况综合调查"(CSS)十年来的数据资料,剖析中国公众对于社会公平状况的评价变动趋势、社会公平感的结构、社会公平感的群体差异以及社会公平感与社会态度的关系。近十年来,中国公众对社会公平状况的总体评价基本上处于好评区间,其中公众认可度最高的是教育公平,其次为保障公平,最低的是政治公平和经济公平。近十年来社会保障方面的公平评价有较大幅度的提升,但在经济和政治领域的公平感提升不明显。客观社会经济地位低下的社会群体反而有着较高的社会公平感知,以农村居民为主的底层群体较强的"相对增益感"是支撑社会公平状况正向评价的重要因素。社会公平感影响到社会信任、社会安全感、社会冲突意识、社会认可度、对政府的评价、国家评价等一系列社会态度,必须引起我们的高度重视。

Based on the data from CSS over past 10 years,this paper analyzes the trends of evaluation of Chinese people on social justice,the structure of sense of social justice,the difference of sense of social justice between social groups and the relationship of sense of social justice and social attitudes.We find that：1）over the past 10 years,the overall evaluation on social justice of Chinese people is basically positive,among which,the education justice is accepted highest by Chinese public,followed by the security justice,and the political and economic justice is lowest.In the past 10 years,the evaluation on security justice has improved significantly,but it is not obvious in the fields of economy and politics justice;2）the social groups which are in low socio-economic status have a higher sense of social justice.The＂sense of relative gain＂,coming from the underclass such as rural residents,is an important supportive factor for the positive evaluation of social justice;and 3）,the sense of social justice affects a series of social attitudes of social trust,sense of social security,social conflict consciousness,social recognition and evaluation on government and nation.