发展与保护:重塑文化政策——联合国推动发展中国家文化创意产业发展之考辨

Development and Protection:Reshaping Cultural Policies——How the United Nations Promote the Development of Cultural Creative Industries in Developing Countries

文化多样性发端于现代文化产业,联合国倡导文化多样性发展的10年与中国文化创意产业发展进程同步而行,但中国的文化创意产业发展与联合国推动的"创意经济"在发展逻辑上是不同的,二者殊途同归地并行发展。文化多样性政策是联合国推动发展中国家文化创意产业发展的政策基础,但其源头却基于发达国家发展理论,将文化创意产业发展的核心——创意(创新)作为一种"技术"来对待,忽视了文化创意的特殊性。何况数字革命在一开始对发展中国家即是不公平的。故而实行10年来并未明显提升发展中国家的文化产品及服务的出口数字。然而,互联网和数字技术的发展,也许可以提供给发展中国家新的赶超机会。中国独特的文化创意产业发展路径可能在未来提供给国际社会可持续发展的样板。

In the occasion of the ＂UNESCO Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions＂promulgated on the 10 th anniversary,this paper assesses its effectiveness and reflects on its philosophy.We find that now the export of cultural products and services is still dominated by developed countries.Developing countries＇（except China and India）growth of cultural products and services trade export proportion of added value is still few in the past10 years.As one of the important goals of the implementation of＂Cultural diversity＂,the outcome of export of cultural products and service in developing countries is limited.The concept of＂cultural diversity＂based on the new growth theory reflects the opinions of the second group of the developed countries.＂Cultural exception＂is the focus of their position on the protection of culture.The development of cultural creative industries in the developing countries has met the bottleneck,where the development of imbalance is still a barrier to the development of cultural creative industries.China will become more and more important in the process of promoting cultural creative industries,and it will continue to be a model for the developing countries.