电动汽车驱动方式及未来发展

Electric Vehicle Driving Mode and Future Development

驱动电机是电动汽车的核心部件,其性能和安装位置直接决定电动汽车的综合性能。针对电动汽车不同驱动电机性能和驱动方式进行了深入分析比较。首先,对可用于驱动汽车的直流电机、交流异步电机、开关磁阻电机和永磁同步电机性能进行比较分析,发现永磁同步电机能够满足电动汽车的驱动要求,是未来电动汽车的驱动电机首选。其次,通过对电动汽车集中式驱动、分布式驱动特点做对比研究,结果表明分布式驱动中的轮毂电机直接驱动方式的电动汽车具有结构紧凑、车身内部空间利用率高、整车重心低、行驶稳定性好、便于智能控制等诸多优点,符合目前及今后电动汽车驱动性能的发展要求,将是电动汽车驱动的主流方式。

Driving motor is the core components of the electric car, its performance and installation position directly determine the comprehensive performance of electric vehicle. Therefore, electric vehicle with different driving motor＇s performance and driving mode were analyzed. First of all, Comparing and anglicizing the performance of some could be used for driving the car, such as DC motor, AC asynchronous motor, switch reluctance motor and permanent magnet synchronous motor, found that permanent magnet synchronous motor could meet the electric vehicle drive requirements, and it was the preferred motor driving electric cars in the future. Secondly, through a comparative study on the characteristics of the centralized driving and distributed driving of electric vehicles, found that the direct driving mode of the wheel hub motor in the distributed drive had the advantages of compact structure, high utilization rate of the internal space, low gravity center, good stability, ease of intelligent control, etc. It meet the current and future development requirements of the driving performance of electric vehicle, it would be the mainstream mode of electric vehicle drive in the future.