11种茎叶处理除草剂对园林树木日本菟丝子的防除效果

Control Effect of 11 Foliar Herbicides on Cuscuta japonica Parasitizing Garden Trees

筛选安全、有效的化学药剂,对控制园林树木日本菟丝子为害、维护园林植物健康生长具有重要意义。以生产上11种常用茎叶除草剂为试验药剂,先采用其在登记作物上的推荐剂量(常量),对寄生在大叶黄杨上的日本菟丝子进行防除试验,初步筛选出对日本菟丝子防效较好且对大叶黄杨药害较轻的药剂种类;然后,对这些药剂调整喷施浓度,继续在大叶黄杨上进行日本菟丝子防效试验,以确定适宜的药剂种类及使用剂量;最后,在确定的药剂种类及其适宜剂量条件下,观察金叶女贞、连翘、迎春、月季等园林树木的药害情况。结果表明:常量条件下,20%乙羧氟草醚EC、30%草除灵SC、48%仲丁灵EC、48%三氯吡氧乙酸EC和2.5%五氟磺草胺OD对日本菟丝子防除效果较差,且均对大叶黄杨产生不同程度的药害;18%草铵膦SL防除效果好,但对大叶黄杨造成严重药害;43%草甘膦钾盐AC、74.7%草甘膦胺盐SG和41%草甘膦异丙胺盐AC对日本菟丝子有一定的防除效果,但均对大叶黄杨有明显药害。20%精喹禾灵EC和10.8%高效氟吡甲禾灵EC对日本菟丝子防除效果较好,且防除效果均随使用剂量的增大而提高,4倍剂量下二者对日本菟丝子的防除效果分别达到了88.33%和85.00%,其中,20%精喹禾灵EC对大叶黄杨、金叶女贞、连翘、迎春、月季等园林树木安全,10.8%高效氟吡甲禾灵EC仅产生轻微药害。20%精喹禾灵EC和10.8%高效氟吡甲禾灵EC是防治园林树木日本菟丝子的安全、有效药剂。

It was important of screening safe and efficient herbicides to control Cuscuta japonica parasitizing garden trees,and promote the healthy development of garden trees. Firstly,the control effects of 11 foliar herbicides commonly used with the recommended dosage at the registered crops on C. japonica parasitizing Euonymus japonicus were compared in order to select those with better effect and slighter phytotoxicity to E. japonicus. Secondly,the control effects of the selected herbicides with regulated dosage on C. japonica parasitizing E. japonicus were measured to determine the suitable herbicides and their applied dosage. Finally,the safety of the selected herbicides with suitable dosage to Ligustrum vicaryi,Forsythia suspensa,Jasminum nudiflorum and Rosa chinensis was evaluated. The results showed that the control effect of 20% fluoroglycofen EC, 30% benazolin SC, 48% dibutalin EC, 48% triclopyr EC and2.5% penoxsulam OD with recommended dosage was poor,and they caused various degree of phytotoxicity to E. japonicus. Although 18% glufosi-nate- ammonium SL had good control effect, it caused serious phytotoxicity to E. japonicus. 43%glyhosate potassium salt AC, 74.7% glyphosateammonium salt SG and 41% glyphosate isopropylamine AC had better effect, while they caused obvious phytotoxicity to E. japonicus. The control effects of 20% quizalofop-P-ethyl EC and 10.8% haloxyfop-Pmethyl EC were better,which were improving with the increasing of the applied dosage. The control effect of 20% quizalofop-P-ethyl EC and 10.8% haloxyfop-P-methyl EC with 4 times dosage was 88.33% and85.00%,respectively. At 4 times dosage, 20% quizalofop-P-ethyl EC was safe to E. japonicus, L. vi-caryi, F. suspensa, J. nudif lorum and R. chinensis, while 10.8% haloxyfop-P-methyl EC cause slight phytotoxicity. 20% quizalofop-P-ethyl EC and 10.8% haloxyfop-P-methyl EC were effective for controlling C. japonica parasitizing garden trees.