粮棉轮作模式下氮磷钾施用量对玉米产量及产量构成的影响

Effects of Nitrogen and Phosphorus and Potassium Rates on Maize Yield and Yield Components in Cotton-wheat-maize Rotation System

为了明确河北省中南部干旱半干旱地区棉区棉花-小麦-玉米两年三熟粮棉轮作种植模式下玉米季的适宜施肥量,为生产上实现经济施肥提供理论依据,在大田条件下采用随机区组试验设计,将N、P_2O_5、K_2O施用量均分别设置0、75、150、225、300 kg/hm^2计5个水平,研究了各肥料不同施用水平对玉米产量构成及产量的影响。结果表明:随着施N量的增加,玉米穗长、穗粗、穗粒数、百粒重和产量均呈先增加后降低的变化趋势,其中,施N量为225 kg/hm^2时所有指标值均最高,在施N量≤225 kg/hm^2时产量随着施N量的增加而逐渐显著提高,而施N量>225 kg/hm^2时产量增加不再明显;随着施P_2O_5量的增加,玉米百粒重和产量呈略有降低的趋势,但不同施肥量处理的调查指标差异均不显著;随着施K_2O量的增加,玉米穗粒数和产量呈逐渐增加趋势,但不同施肥量处理的产量差异均不显著。在当前粮棉轮作模式下,玉米季适宜的施肥量为N 225 kg/hm^2、K_2O 75 kg/hm^2,免施磷肥。

The aim of this experiment was to identify the optimum fertilizer rates for maize in cotton-wheat-maize rotation system in the arid and semi-arid areas of central and south of Hebei Province,and provide theoretical basis for economic fertilization in production. Adopting randomized block design in fields five treatments（0,75,150,225,300 kg/hm2） for each N,P2O5,K2O were designed to study the effect of fertilizer rates on maize yield and yield components. The results showed that with the increase of nitrogen grains per ear,hundred-grain weight and maize yield increased firstly then decreased,and when nitrogen rate reached 225 kg/hm2 the values were all the highest,and less than or equal to 225 kg/hm2,the yield increased with the increase of nitrogen rate,while the nitrogen rate greater than 225 kg/hm2, the yield increasing was not obvious. With the increase of P2O5 hundred-grains weight and maize yield decreased, but there were no significant differences betweeen tre atments. With th e increase of K2O rate,grains per ear and yield increased gradually,and utilizing potassium increased yield significantly but there were no significant differences between treatments of utilizing potassium. For maize in cotton-wheat-maize rotation system the optimum fertilizer amount was N 225kg/hm2,K2O 75kg/hm2 and without P2O5.