拉美社会养老金的精准扶贫与效果分析

Social Pension and Targeted Poverty Alleviation in Latin America

老年人贫困是很多发展中国家长期面临的社会问题,而社会养老金作为面向老年人的一个精准扶贫工具,在拉美地区得到广泛应用。据有关国际机构统计,目前共有25个拉美国家或地区引入或强化了社会养老金制度,超过拉美33个经济体的2/3。拉美地区广泛选择社会养老金并非偶然,而是老年人收入保障制度经过长期曲折发展所做出的最终选择。总的来看,面向老年人的精准扶贫效果显著,且财务成本基本可控,在四个方面值得广大发展中国家借鉴:一是要认识到社会养老金可以作为精准扶贫的一部分;二是要掌握养老金制度发展的一般规律;三是要正确理解社会养老金的功能定位;四是要处理好模式选择和长期成本制约问题。

Poverty of the old people is a long-term social problem in many developing countries.Social pension has been widely used as a tool for targeted poverty alleviation for the elderly in Latin America.Statistics of relevant international institutions show that at present,25 countries and regions have introduced or strengthened the social pension system,accounting for more than two thirds of the Latin American economies.The widespread use of the social pension system to support the elderly in Latin America is the result of many years of bumpy development of the pension system;it is not something achieved by chance.The poverty alleviation programs targeted at the old people have proved effective and sustainable in helping alleviate their poverty and the developing world can learn from those countries from the following four perspectives.First,they should recognize that social pension can serve as part of the targeted poverty alleviation funds.Second,they should grasp the general development law of the pension system.Third,they should correctly understand the function of the social pension system.Last but not least,they should well balance model selection and long-term cost control.