2013-2015年阜阳地区儿童肺炎支原体感染情况及流行病学分析

Epidemiologic analysis of Mycoplasma Pneumoniae infection in children from Fuyang areas from 2013 to 2015

目的分析阜阳市儿童肺炎支原体（MP）感染情况及流行病学特征,为该病的预防和治疗提供帮助。方法采用EILSA法检测患儿血清中MP-Ig M,对2013年1月至2015年12月3年期间在阜阳市人民医院儿科门诊及住院的疑似MP呼吸道感染患儿进行MP-Ig M抗体检测,对不同年度、季节、性别及年龄的MP感染情况进行回顾性分析。结果 3年间共检测患儿血清标本16 499例,总阳性率为36.84%;2013—2015年MP-Ig M阳性率分别是37.74%、36.84%、36.22%,其中2012年阳性率最高;男性患儿和女性患儿的阳性率分别为33.60%、42.64%（男∶女=1∶1.41）;〈1岁、1~3岁、4~6岁、〉6岁患儿MP-Ig M抗体阳性率分别为11.46%、31.26%、49.79%、59.04%;春、夏、秋、冬四个季节的阳性率分别为34.94%、37.97%、40.43%、33.51%,其中秋季最高。结论 MP可能已经成为阜阳市儿童呼吸道感染的重要病原之一。2013年MP感染率最高。全年均可发病,夏秋季为MP感染高发季节。女性患儿感染率高于男性患儿。随着年龄的增长,MP的发病率逐渐增高,〈1岁的儿童感染率最低,学龄儿童感染率最高。

Objective To analyze the infection rate of mycoplasma pneumonia （MP） in Fuyang areas, probe into epidemic characteristics of MP infection in this area, and offer help for prevention and treatment of the disease.Methods Child outpatients and inpatient with respiratory infection in Fuyang People＇s Hospital from January 2013 to December 2015 were detected MP-IgM antibody by ELISA method. For different annual, seasonal, gender and age of MP infection were retrospectively analyzed. Results Serum specimen of 16,499 cases were detected during the three years , the total positive rate of MP-IgM was 36.84%;From 2013 to 2015 MP infection rate was 37.74%, 36.84%, 36.22%. The highest positive rate was in 2013. Positive rate of male child patients was 33.60% and female child patients was 42.64% （1 ： 1.41 ）; Positive rate of MP-IgM antibody of children whose age were below 1 years old was 11.46% ; From 1 to 3 years old was 31.26%; From 4 to 6 years old was 49.79%; Over 6 years old was 59.04%; On the other hand, Positive rate was 34.94% in the spring; In the summer it was 37.97%; In the autumn it was 40.43%; In the winter it was 33.51%; The highest positive rate was in autumn. Conclusions MP is the main causative pathogen for respiratory infection of children in Fuyang area. MP infection can occur through the whole year, especially in autumn and summer; Infection rate of female child patients is higher than that of male child patients; As the growth of the age, the incidence of MP increased gradually, MP infection rate of below 1 year old is the lowest while school-age children infection rate is the highest.