加油VOCs排放因子测试方法研究与应用

Study and Application of Test Method for VOCs Emission Factor of Refueling in Service Station

加油站VOCs排放是北京市VOCs的主要来源之一,中国、美国环保署、欧洲环境署加油环节的未控制排放因子（UEF）分别是加州空气资源委员会（CARB）加油UEF（1 008 mg·L-1）的2.16、1.31和1.00倍,中国20年来汽油标准发生了变化,急需开展加油VOCs排放因子本地化研究.本研究对比发现欧盟加油排放因子测试方法比CARB简单易操作,借鉴欧盟方法加工了加油VOCs排放因子测试装置,并在北京市某加油站的美国加油油气回收系统（StageⅡ）开展加油VOCs排放因子测试.结果表明：1针对试验油箱,冬夏季加油油气回收效率分别是气液比（A/L）的0.93和0.83倍,夏季加油排放因子大于冬季,且回收效率小于冬季;2针对社会车辆,A/L=0时冬夏季加油UEF分别为（525±42）mg·L-1和（963±174）mg·L-1,分别是CARB加油UEF的0.52倍和0.95倍,冬夏季在A/L为1.05-1.07时的排放因子平均值分别为（55±30）mg·L-1和（112±108）mg·L-1;3选取无油气回收时社会车辆加油UEF作为北京市冬夏季加油UEF,结合试验油箱建立的冬夏季排放因子与A/L的线性方程,计算有油气回收时不同A/L的排放因子.

VOCs emission of service station is one of the main sources of VOCs in Beijing. Uncontrolled emission factor（ UEF） of refueling in China,US EPA,EEA respectively is 2. 16,1. 31 and 1. 00 times of CARB UEF（ 1 008 mg·L- 1）. China＇s gasoline standards have changed in the last 20 years,and there is an urgent need to carry out the localization of gasoline refueling VOCs emission factor research. This paper compared test methods for refueling emission factors of European Union（ EU） and California Air Resources Board（ CARB） and found that the EU method was simpler and easier to operate than the CARB method,so we processed refueling VOCs emission factors test device in reference to EU test methods and chose a set of United States Stage Ⅱ vapor recovery system in Beijing service stations to carry out studies on VOCs emission factors. The results showed that： 1 For the fuel test tank,refueling vapor recovery efficiencies were 0. 93 and 0. 83 times of air to liquid volume ratio（ A / L） of Stage Ⅱ respectively in winter and summer. Refueling emission factor in summer was greater than that in winter,and its recovery efficiency was lower than that in winter. 2 For the social vehicles,winter and summer refueling UEF respectively was（ 525 ± 42） mg·L- 1and（ 963 ± 174） mg·L- 1,at the same time was 0. 52 and 0. 95 times of CARB refueling UEF（ 1 008 mg·L- 1） in A/L = 0. The average value of emission factors respectively was（ 55 ± 30） mg·L- 1and（ 112 ± 108） mg·L- 1in A / L 1. 05-1. 07 in winter and summer. 3Refueling UEF without vapor recovery of social vehicles was chosen as the localized summer and winter refueling UEF in Beijing,we could calculate the emission factor of vapor recovery in different A / L combining with the linear equation of the fuel test tank.