杭州城区室内灰尘中多溴联苯醚的含量及人体暴露水平

PBDEs Levels in House Dust and Human Exposure to PBDEs via Dust Ingestion in Hangzhou

为了评估杭州城区室内灰尘中多溴联苯醚（PBDEs）污染程度,2013年3~8月,在杭州城区随机采集19个办公室、家庭和学生宿舍的室内灰尘样品.用GC-ECD定量分析了样品中14种PBDEs同系物的含量水平、同系物分布和可能的影响因素,并估算了成年人和儿童通过灰尘摄入对PBDEs的暴露水平.结果表明,办公室Σ14PBDEs的平均值9.28×102ng·g-1,中值为1.03×103ng·g-1;家庭Σ14PBDEs的平均值7.83×102ng·g-1,中值为9.11×102ng·g-1;学生宿舍Σ14PBDEs的平均值4.07×102ng·g-1,中值为4.03×102ng·g-1,办公室的污染水平高于居住环境.BDE-209是贡献值最大的单体,其贡献值为75.48%,其次分别是BDE-190、BDE-154和BDE-71.成年人和儿童通过灰尘摄入的PBDEs暴露水平分别为13.12~32.63 ng·d-1和32.40~54.54 ng·d-1,灰尘中儿童的PBDEs人体暴露量高于成人的人体暴露量,主要是因为儿童灰尘摄入量要高于成人.分析得出,从室内灰尘摄入的PBDEs存在健康隐患,儿童潜在危害最大.

In order to evaluate the pollution degree of the dust in Hangzhou City,the indoor dust samples of 19 offices,families and students＇ dormitories were collected from August to March in 2013 at Hangzhou for evaluating the pollution level of polybrominated diphenyl ethers（ PBDEs）,to analyze concentrations of 14 PBDEs congeners and congener distribution as well as the possible influencing factors,and to estimate the PBDEs exposure levels of adults and children through the dust intake. The results showed that the average Σ14PBDEs of office was 9. 28 × 102ng·g- 1,and the median was 1. 03 × 103ng·g- 1; the average Σ14PBDEs of family was 7. 83 × 102ng·g- 1,and the median was 9. 11 × 102ng·g- 1; the average Σ14PBDEs of student dormitory was 4. 07 ×102ng·g- 1,and the median was 4. 03 × 102ng·g- 1. The pollution level of the office was higher than that of the living environment.BDE-209 was the largest monomer,and its contribution was 75. 48%,followed by BDE-190,BDE-154 and BDE-71. PBDEs exposure levels of adults and children by dust intake were 13. 12-32. 63 ng·d- 1and 32. 40-54. 54 ng·d- 1,respectively. Children＇s PBDEs exposure in the dust was higher than that of the adults,mainly because the average dust intake of children was higher than that of adults. The analysis showed that the PBDEs from indoor dust intake was a potential health hazard,and the biggest potential harm to children.