中国旅游绿色发展的长效机制研究——基于利益相关者的视角

A Study on the Long-term Mechanism of the Green Development of China's Tourism:Based on the Perspective of Stakeholders

绿色发展是中国旅游业转型升级的必然选择。基于绿色发展理念,从绿色生产、绿色流通、绿色消费、绿色监管等4个方面分析了旅游绿色发展的内涵。借鉴利益相关者理论,系统识别中国旅游绿色发展进程中的各类利益相关者。根据这些利益相关者与旅游绿色发展间关系的紧密程度将其划分为核心利益相关者、紧密利益相关者、外围利益相关者等3个层次,根据旅游活动过程将其划分为生产类、流通类、消费类、监管类等4种类型。剖析各利益相关者的利益诉求及彼此间需要协调的焦点。在此基础上,按照决策、计划、组织、领导、控制、创新等管理职能明确不同利益相关者的角色定位,并从教育、保障、动力、协调及反馈等5个方面构建中国旅游绿色发展的长效机制。

Green development can be regarded as the inevitable choice for comprehensively promoting the construction of ecological civilization for Chinese tourism industry. Referring to greening strategy, we analyse the conception of tourism greening from the four aspects, which contain green production, green circulation, green consumption and green supervision. And we identify all kinds of stakeholders in tourism greening with the base of stakeholder theory. They can be categorized as core stakeholder, important stakeholder, and indirect stakeholder, according to the degree of connection among these stakeholders and the tourism greening. What＇s more, they can also be classified into four groups with production, transportation, consumption and supervision. Then the paper analyses the focus of interest coordination around interests between these different stakeholders, and clearly ascertains the role location of them in accordance with the management functions of decision making, planning, organization, leadership, controlling and innovation, as well as put up the long-term effective mechanism from the five aspects of education, guarantee, impetus, coordination and feedback.