上呼吸道感染后嗅觉障碍临床特点分析

Characteristics of postviral olfactory disorder

目的 探讨上呼吸道感染后嗅觉障碍患者的临床特点.方法 通过临床专科检查、影像学检查确诊95例上呼吸道感染后嗅觉障碍患者,其中嗅觉丧失组58例,嗅觉减退组37例,应用主观嗅觉功能检查（Sniffin＇Sticks检测法）及味觉功能检查法评估各组嗅觉、味觉功能.以SPSS 17.0软件对结果进行统计学分析.结果 在嗅觉丧失组58例患者中,男性21例,女性37例;青年26例,中年23例,老年9例;春季发病27例,夏季发病11例,秋季发病12例,冬季发病8例.在嗅觉减退组37例患者中,男性12例,女性25例;青年18例,中年16例,老年3例;春季发病14例,夏季发病8例,秋季发病7例,冬季发病8例.嗅觉丧失组与嗅觉减退组在性别、年龄、发病季节的分布上差异无统计学意义（χ^2值分别为0.142、1.124、1.335,P值均〉0.05）.在嗅觉丧失组,伴发味觉丧失4例,味觉减退22例,味觉正常32例;在嗅觉减退组,伴发味觉丧失0例,味觉减退10例,味觉正常27例.两组之间伴发味觉障碍类型的差异有统计学意义（Pearson相关性系数r=0.210,P〈0.05）,呈正相关.结论 上呼吸道感染后嗅觉障碍常伴发味觉功能障碍,其嗅觉功能损伤程度越重,伴发味觉功能受损的程度亦随之加重.嗅觉功能损伤程度与性别、年龄及发病季节无关.

Objective To explore the clinical characteristics of patients with olfactory dysfunction after upper respiratory tract infection.Methods Through clinical specialist examination and imaging examination,95 cases of patients with olfactory dysfunction after upper respiratory tract infection were confirmed,58 cases in anosmia group and 37 cases in hyposmia group.All were performed by a subjective olfactometry （Sniffin＇Sticks test） and a subjective taste function tests.The results were statistically analyzed by SPSS 17.0 software.Results In 58 cases of anosmia group,21 cases of male,37 cases of female;Twenty-six cases of youth,23 cases of middle age,9 cases of old age;Twenty-seven cases occurs in spring,11 cases in summer,12 in autumn and 8 in winter.Among 37 cases of hyposmia group,12 cases of male,25 cases of female;Eighteen cases of youth,16 cases of middle age,3 cases of old age;Fourteen cases occurs in spring,8 cases in summer,7 in autumn and 8 in winter.There was no statistically significant difference in gender,age and the onset season between the two groups （χ^2=0.142,P〉 0.05;χ^2=1.124,P〉0.05;χ^2=1.335,P〉 0.05）.In anosmia group,with 4 cases of ageusia,22 cases of hypogeusia,32 cases of normal taste;in hyposrnia group,with 0 cases of ageusia,10 cases of hypogeusia,27 cases of normal taste.There were significant differences between the two groups with different types of taste disorder （Pearson correlation coefficient r =0.210,P 〈 0.05）,it was positive correlation.Conclusions It is suggested that after the upper respiratory tract infection,the olfactory dysfunction is often accompanied by the sense of taste dysfunction,the more severe the damage of olfactory function,the degree of damage to the taste function is also increased.Olfactory impairment degree exhibited no relationship with gender,age or onset seasons.