中国光伏产业“十二五”发展回顾与当前瓶颈分析

A Review of China′s Photovoltaic Industry in Twelfth Five-Year Plan Period and Bottlenecks Currently Faced

“十二五”期间,中国光伏产业经历了“过山车”式的发展过程,遭受了“双反”、“产能过剩”等多重压力,但在业界的共同努力下,最终化险为夷,总体呈向上发展态势。2015年,中国（大陆地区）多晶硅产量已达16.9×10-4t,硅片产量48GW,光伏电池产量43GW,组件产量45.8GW,均居世界首位,并且超越德国成为世界光伏累计装机第一大国。“十二五”期间,国家有关部门还出台了一系列的规划、产业扶持和规范管理政策,企业技术进步和行业标准建设也取得一定进展。然而,当前光伏产业仍面临产业政策衔接不够、补贴不到位、弃光现象严重和融资难等瓶颈。建议要加大政策制定的统一协调,加强补贴机制的完善修正,加快推进电力上网步伐,深化融资模式的改革创新,从根本上破除中国光伏产业发展瓶颈。

The Chinese photovoltaic industry was on a roller coaster ride during the Twelfth Five-Year Plan period and faced pressure from multiple sources,including AD/CVD and overcapacity.The industry eventually tided over those difficult times and achieved growth thanks to the joint effort of all players in the industry. Polycrystalline silicon production in China （Chinese mainland） in 2015 reached 16.9x10^4t,silicon wafer produc- tion hit 48GW,PV cell output arrived at 43GW and module output stood at 45.8GW,the highest worldwide. China overtook Germany as the world＇s largest PV user in terms of total installed PV generating capacity. China published a series of development plans, incentives and regulations for the industry and made progress in technological advancement and industry standard construction during the Twelfth Five-Year Plan period. However,the PV industry is still facing some bottlenecks to constrain its growth ,such as mismatched industry policies,low efficiency of subsidies,reluctance of using power from PV generators and financing difficuhy.This article suggests strengthening the coordination between policy makers,further improving the subsidy mecha- nism,quickening the pace of integrating PV generators to power grids and deepening the reform and innova- tions in the mode of financing to find a once-and-for-all solution to the development bottlenecks faced by the Chinese PV industry.