湖南省贫困农村地区6～23月龄婴幼儿生长发育状况分析

Analysis the statue of growth and development of infants and young children aged 6- 23 months in poor rural areas of Hunan Province,China

目的了解湖南省贫困农村地区623月龄婴幼儿生长发育状况。方法2009—2015年在湖南省54个贫困县按乡级概率比例规模抽样（PPS）方法,调查15 248名623月龄婴幼儿,测量其身长、体重,依据《WHO儿童生长发育标准》计算WHZ、WAZ、HAZ和年龄别BMI Z评分,得出婴幼儿消瘦发生率、低体重发生率、生长迟缓发生率以及低体质指数发生率,并以《WHO儿童生长发育标准》为参数评价儿童体格发育水平。结果湖南省贫困农村地区623月龄婴幼儿女童和男童体重均值分别为9.17和9.79 kg,身长均值分别为75.53和77.19 cm,BMI均值分别为15.96和16.40,男童体重、身长及BMI均值均高于女童,差异有统计学意义（t体重=25.9,P〈0.01;t身长=15.3,P〈0.01;tBMI=17.9,P〈0.01）。623月龄婴幼儿中不同月龄组男性儿童身长、体重与WHO标准比较差异有统计学意义（t=17.1,P〈0.01;t=37.0,P〈0.01;t=40.1,P〈0.01;t=12.3,P〈0.01）;不同月龄组女性儿童身长、体重与WHO标准比较差异有统计学意义（t=17.2,P〈0.01;t=31.2,P〈0.01;t=30.5,P〈0.01;t=13.9,P〈0.01）。623月龄婴幼儿消瘦发生率为3.9%,低体重发生率为5.1%,生长迟缓发生率为7.2%,低体质指数发生率3.9%,男性的低体重发生率和生长迟缓发生率高于女性,随着月龄增加,低体重发生率和生长迟缓发生率具有一定的上升趋势（χ2=6.2,P=0.04）。结论湖南省贫困农村地区623月龄婴幼儿存在比较严重的营养和生长发育落后问题,与《WHO儿童生长发育标准》差距明显,应提高农村地区儿童保健服务能力和儿童喂养知识水平,有效改善农村儿童营养状况。

Objective To describe the statue of growth and development among infants and young children aged 6-23 months in poor rural areas of Hunan Province.Methods A total of 15 248 rural infants and young children aged 6-23 months in 54 poor counties of Wuling Mountains and Luoxiao Mountains in Hunan Province were selected by Probability-Proportional-to-Size Sampling（ PPS） between 2009 and 2015.Participants’ length and weight were tested,WHZ,WAZ,HAZ and BMI Z score were calculated according to The WHO Child Growth Standards,and describe the rate of wasting,underweight,stunting and low BMI,and the physical growth level of children were evaluated according to the WHO standards.Results The average weight of girls aged 6-23 months in poor rural areas of Hunan Province were 9.17 kg,lower than boys which were 9.79 kg.The average length of girls aged 6-23 months were 75.53 cm,lower than boys which were 77.19 cm.The average BMI of girls aged 6-23 months were15.96,lower than boys which were 16.40（ P 〈 0.05）.The curve of weight-for-length Z scores and weight-for-age Z scores and length-for-age Z scores of infants and young children aged 6-23 months were lower than the WHO standards（ P 〈 0.05）.The rate of wasting,underweight,stunting and low BMI of infants and young children aged 6-23 months were 3.9%,5.1%,7.2% and 3.9%,and boys were higher than girls in the rate of underweight and stunting,the rate of underweight and stunting were increased with the growth of age（ P 〈 0.05）.Conclusion The problem of growth and development of infants and young children aged 6-23 months in poor rural areas of Hunan Province are serious,and there are lower than the WHO standards.To improve the nutrition and health of infants and young children in poor rural areas,the ability of child health care and the feeding knowledge of caregivers are need to be improved.