陕西省食品中镍含量调查分析与健康风险评估

Investigation on nickel contamination of food and potential health risk of dietary nickel in Shaanxi Province

目的了解陕西省食品中镍含量状况,对居民膳食镍暴露量及其引起的健康风险进行评估。方法对陕西省1872份食品中的镍含量进行统计分析,结合2002年陕西省居民膳食营养与健康状况监测的调查数据,了解居民日常膳食镍暴露量,以镍每日可耐受摄入量(TDI)为标准进行评估,同时应用美国环保局(USEPA)的暴露剂量-反应外推模型对镍暴露量进行健康风险评价。结果陕西省7类食品中镍的平均含量为0.0586~0.210 mg/kg,其中谷物中镍含量最高,最高值为3.30 mg/kg;陕西居民镍的平均暴露量为2.17μg/(kg·d),占TDI百分比为18%,偏高暴露量为11.2μg/(kg·d),占TDI百分比为94%,说明日常膳食镍有可能对高暴露人群的健康造成危害;应用USEPA模型评价的结果表明,镍若是非致癌元素,其引起的健康风险远小于国际放射防护委员会(ICRP)推荐的标准5.0×10^(-5)/年,若是致癌元素,则其健康风险值已接近该值,并且高暴露人群的健康风险值已大于该值,说明膳食镍存在较大健康风险。结论陕西省居民日常膳食镍对高暴露人群存在较大的健康风险。

Objective To understand the content level of nickel in all kinds of foods,and to assess the daily intake of nickel and the possible adverse health impact.Methods Statistical analysis of the nickel contents of 1872 samples.The dietary intake of nickel was obtained using the test results and the results of Shaanxi total diet study in 2002.The safety of dietary nickel was evaluated by using the tolerable daily intake（ TDI）recommended by WHO.The health risk was assessed by using USEPA health risk assessment model.Results The content of nickel ranged from 0.0586 to 0.210 mg/kg in seven kinds of food,and the nickel content of cereals was higher than other kinds,the value of which was 3.30 mg/kg.The average and the higher dietary intake of nickel were2.17 μg/（ kg·d） and 11.2 μg/（ kg·d）,respectively.The rates of which were 18% and94%,compared to TDI value.That showed a potential health risk from Ni via dietary exposure for the people highly exposured.Because there was inadequate evidence for carcinogenicity of nickel,if nickel was non carcinogenic elements,the individual health risk of nickel was lower than the standard of ICRP.In contrast,the individual health riskof nickel was higher than the standard,which means a potential health risk for Shaanxi habitants.Conclusion This study showed a potential health risk from Ni via dietary exposure for the people highly exposured.