贺拉斯的“惜醉今朝”及其哲学意涵

Horace's Carpe Diem and Its Philosophical Implications

"Carpe diem"是贺拉斯抒情诗歌中的一个著名主题。围绕这一主题是否具有伊壁鸠鲁主义哲学意涵的问题,古典学界争议颇多。肯定者强调"享受当下"与伊壁鸠鲁主义学说的相似性,而否定者则强调贺拉斯在此类诗歌中对死亡的描述极为悲郁,从而展现了与伊壁鸠鲁主义迥异的一面。本文将归纳争论双方的主要论点并进行反思,同时结合具体文本,探讨贺拉斯对这一主题的灵活处理。本文认为,贺拉斯涉及这一主题的诗歌极具多样性,其哲学意涵不可一概而论。理解这些诗歌须留意其"当下性"与"变通性",这与贺拉斯所推崇的库兰尼派哲人阿里斯提普斯颇具相关性。

It has long been disputed among classical scholars whether or not the famous carpe diem theme in Horace's lyrical poetry has Epicurean implications. Those who assert their connection stress that Horace's call to 'enjoy the present time'fits well with Epicureanism,while those who oppose it declare that Horace's melancholic description of death in those poems makes them definitely not Epicurean. This paper offers a reflection on their arguments. By paying attention to specific texts,the author argues that Horace's arrangement of poems with the carpe diem motif is highly flexible,and that it is therefore not possible to prove or disprove whether carpe diem is Epicurean in its philosophical meaning or not.