南京国民政府职业病的防治困境

On Prevention Dilemma of Occupational Diseases in the Nanjing National Government Period

面对日趋严重的职业病问题,南京国民政府试图运用法律和行政手段进行防治,但在实际操作过程中困难重重:职业病入法因社会各界抵制而挫败,致其防治工作缺乏法律保障,调查统计也无法律依据;工厂职业病检查虽然依靠行政力量推行,但因中央政府威权不固,一些地方政府往往消极应对;劳资双方对工业安全和工厂检查不认同,使职业病防治丧失社会基础;租界工厂的抵制,为其他企业抵制政府的职业病检查提供了借口。

Nanjing national government tried to prevent the increasingly serious occupational diseases and used legal means as well as health and safety checks, but it encountered numerous difficulties. The prevention of occupational diseases and the survey were lack of legal standards because of the failure of Legislation from the social boycott. Local governments responsed negatively in process of Health and Safety inspection. Both employers and employees did not agree to industrial safety inspection, thus the occupational disease prevention had lost the social basis. Strong resistance of Concession Shanghai provided an excuse for other companies to hold security checks.