论著作权法语境中的作品结构——以中小学教辅对教材进行“结构性使用”为例

On The Essence of the Structure of Works in the Context of Copyright Law

作品结构是作品的重要构成元素,按抽象层级的不同,可以界分为抽象性结构与具体性结构。后者属于由作品的文本表达所直接限定的元素,在具备原创性要件时应受著作权法保护。作品具体性结构的界定需要结合作品内容进行,是指将特定内容放在特定位置所呈现出来的作品各组成部分的独特排列组合方式。作者在设计作品结构时其独特的思想与观念随着作品创作过程的演进最终转化成个性的表达形式,从而满足原创性要件而取得可版权性地位。两造作品具体性结构的近似是证成其间构成实质性相似的重要考量因素。在基于作品结构进行作品之间是否具有实质性相似的判定时,也应将作品结构放置在作品整体中进行考量。受合并原则限制的作品结构不应受著作权法保护。

The structure of works, as the important part thereof, can be classified as abstract structure and concrete structure basing on the different hierarchy of abstractions. The concrete structure of works is an example of the expressive elements directly defined by combination of symbols. It is copyrightable if it is original. The concrete structure of works should be defined considering the content of the works. It means the unique arrangements of the different parts of the works showing as the definite content in the definite location. Within the process of the designing of the structure, the unique ideas of the author have been developed as original personal expression which is copyrightable. The substantial similarity of the works can be judged basing on the similarity of the structures which should be considered comprehensively in the integral works. The structure merged with the idea of the works is uncopyrightable.