苎麻属野生植物种子油中脂肪酸组成及其粕氨基酸分析

Analysis of fatty acid composition of wild plant seed oil in ramie and amino acids in its meal

为探明苎麻属野生植物种子油的开发利用价值，采用索氏抽提法、气相色谱法和氨基酸分析仪对其种子含油量、油中脂肪酸组成及其粕氨基酸组成进行测定分析。结果表明：苎麻属野生植物种子含油量较高，最高达28．46％，平均值达21．63％，显著高于栽培种苎麻；油中脂肪酸主要由5种脂肪酸组成，平均含量顺序为亚油酸（80．6％）〉油酸（10．6％）〉棕榈酸（5．8％）〉硬脂酸（2．1％）〉亚麻酸（0．3％）；其不饱和脂肪酸含量达90％以上，明显优于红麻籽油、棉籽油、红花籽油、橄榄油、大豆油和菜籽油；其含油量与棕榈酸、硬脂酸和油酸呈负相关，与亚油酸、亚麻酸呈正相关；亚油酸与棕榈酸、硬脂酸呈负相关，其中与硬脂酸达显著水平；苎麻属野生植物种子粕共有17种氨基酸，其中含7种必需氨基酸，占总氨基酸的39．24％一41．24％。综合分析可见，苎麻属野生植物种子中存在丰富优异种质，对于苎麻品质育种和营养保健油开发具有重要价值。

In order to investigate the utilization value of wild plant seed oil in ramie, the seed oil content, fatty acid composition and amino acid composition in meal were analyzed by Soxhlet extraction method, gas chromatography and amino acid analyzer respectively. The results showed that the oil content of wild plant seed in ramie was up to 28.46% ,and the average value was 21.63% ,which was significantly high- er than that of cultivated species. Five kinds of fatty acids were detected from its oil, in which the linoleic acid content （80.6%） was the highest,followed by oleic acid （ 10.6% ） ,palmitic acid （5.8%） ,stearic acid （2.1%） and linolenic acid （0.3%）. The content of unsaturated fatty acids was above 90% ,which was obviously higher than that in kenaf seed oil, cottonseed oil, safflower seed oil, olive oil, soybean oil and rapeseed oil. Its oil content was negatively correlated with the contents of palmitic acid, stearic acid and oleic acid, and oositivelv correlated with the contents of linoleic acid and linolenic acid. The content of linoleic acid was negatively correlated with the contents of palmitic acid and stearic acid, and the correlation with the content of stearic acid reached significant level. 17 kinds of amino acids were de- tected from wild plant seed meal in ramie, which contented seven kinds of essential amino acids, accounting for 39.24% - 41.24% of total amino acids. Comprehensive analysis showed that there were abundant and excellent germplasms in wild plant seed in ramie, and it had important value for ramie quality breeding and development of nutritional and healthy oil.