西方海绵城市建设的理论实践及启示

Theory and Practice of the Western "Sponge City" and the Insights

海绵城市建设是实现我国生态文明发展国家战略的重要对策,是解决城市洪涝灾害和水资源短缺的重要途径,是城市生态系统稳定,优化城市生态体系,城市生态健康的重要举措。自上世纪70年代以来,国外发达国家针对城市水环境安全问题进行了理论创新和技术实践,包括美国的BMPs、GI、LID,德国的NDS,英国的SUDS,澳大利亚的WSUD,欧盟的WFD,分别形成了效仿自然排水方式的城市雨洪可持续发展理论、技术和管理体系。当前,我国还存在雨水管理法律法规不完善、管理制度不健全、市场激励机制缺乏、技术力量薄弱及公众意识淡漠等问题,发达国家已经成熟的雨水管理经验值得我们借鉴。

The ＂sponge city＂ project is an important measure for implementing the national strategy of building China into an eco-friendly country, an important way to prevent the inner-city flood disaster and shortage of water resources, and also an important solution to maintaining the stability of the city ecosystem, optimizing the city ecological system, and promoting urban ecological health. Since the 197os, the developed countries explored theories to counter city water environmental safety issues and put them into practice, including BMPs, GI, and LID of the US, Germany＇s NDS, Britain＇s SUDS, Australia＇s WSUD, and WFD of the EU, creating the city sustainable development theory, technology and management system that emulates the natural rainwater drainage mode. At present, China still has problems that laws and regulations on rainwater management need improvement, the management system is flawed, market incentives are unavailable, the technical workforce is weak, and public awareness is not strong, so the rainwater management experience of the developed countries is worth our learning.