归纳逻辑思想的演进与新发展

The Evolution of Inductive Logic and Its New Development

归纳逻辑的演进经历了古希腊归纳逻辑、科学的归纳逻辑、形式的归纳逻辑和实践主导的归纳逻辑四个阶段。古希腊归纳逻辑思想尽管没有实现理论化和系统化,但实践取向比较明显。近代归纳逻辑基本实现了理论化和系统化,它的突出特点是建立在自然科学发展的基础上,是一种科学归纳逻辑。从布尔到卡尔纳普,归纳逻辑实现了从经典形态向现代形态的演进,是一个归纳逻辑形式化、数学化的发展进程,但也面临着许多困难和挑战。实践主导的归纳逻辑代表了归纳逻辑新的发展方向,实现了归纳逻辑历史上的一次革命性的转变。实践转向突破了以往归纳逻辑研究注重纯逻辑理论的研究模式,把逻辑科学置于与之关联的其他学科领域之中,展现了逻辑科学本身的活力。实践转向为解决合取谬误、休谟问题等提供了有益的启示。

The evolution of inductive logic has experienced four stages： the ancient Greek inductive logic,the scientific inductive logic,the formal inductive logic and the practice-oriented inductive logic. Although the ancient Greek inductive logic wasn＇t so theoretic and systematic,it was apparently practice-oriented. Modern inductive logic is on the whole theoretic and systematic,whose salient feature is that it is based on the development of natural science,thus it is scientific inductive logic. From Boole to Carnap inductive logic has finished its evolution,which is a process of formalization and mathematizatioon. In the process,many difficulties and challenges appeared.Practice-orientedness is the new developmental trend of inductive logic,which is a revolutionary change. Instead of laying emphasis on pure logic theory,practice-oriented inductive logic connects logical science with other related subjects areas,thus showing the vitality of the logical science. The practice-oriented turn is quite revealing to solving the conjunction fallacy and Hume＇s problem.