世界肉牛养殖成本收益与效率比较分析

Comparison Analysis of Beef Cattle Breeding's Cost-Benefit and Efficiency in the World

利用世界肉牛典型养殖户的调研数据,对其成本收益信息进行简要分析,并通过构建随机前沿生产函数测定肉牛养殖的技术效率。研究结果表明:加拿大、美国和澳大利亚等国的肉牛养殖户草地资源投入多,英国、德国和法国等国草地资源投入相对较少;繁育断奶牛犊出栏价格要高于育肥牛犊;直接成本占总成本的平均比重达到53.49%,间接成本、折旧占比为18.79%和12.63%,雇佣劳动力、租金和利息投入所占比重分别为7.04%、5.36%和2.69%;直接成本弹性系数达到0.75,间接成本和劳动力成本均为0.14,租金弹性系数为0.05,折旧弹性系数为-0.08;肉牛养殖技术效率呈现逐年上升的趋势,2012—2014年分别为0.55、0.56和0.57,年均增长率为2.28%;从样本的空间分布来看,不同肉牛养殖户的技术效率存在着显著差异。

Based on the typical cattle farms data in the world,it analyzed the cost and benefit for the farms.This paper calculated the technical efficiency of beef cattle breeding by constructing stochastic frontier production function.The results showed that there are more input of grassland resources for beef catde farms in Canada,the United States and Australia,while the grassland resources were relatively less in Britain,Germany and France.Breeding calves price is higher than the fattening calves.The direct costs account for 53.49%of the total costs.Indirect costs and depreciation accounted for 18.79%and 12.63%.The proportion of wage labor,rent and interest accounted for 7.04%,5.36%and 2.69%respectively.The direct cost elasticity coefficient is 0.75,die indirect cost and die labor cost elasticity are 0.14,the rent elasticity coefficient is 0.05 and the depreciation elasticity coefficient is-0.08.The technical efficiency of beef catde showed an increasing trend year by year,which were0.55,0.56 and 0.57 from 2012 to 2014 widi annual growth rate 2.28%.There was significant difference in technical efficiency of different beef catde farms.