基于肉牛肉羊养殖的节粮型畜牧业发展模式探讨

Discussion for Forage-saving Husbandry Developing Mode based on Beef Cattle and Mutton Breeding

节粮目的是维护粮食安全,而粮食生产的约束资源是耕地,因此节约粮食与节约耕地对粮食安全同等重要。衡量畜牧生产是否节粮不仅要看生产相同数量畜产品所消耗粮食的多少,最根本的要看生产饲草料使用耕地的多少。适度规模的家庭农场饲养肉牛肉羊,饲草料供应使用的耕地较少,是典型的节粮型畜牧业。而规模化集约化舍饲肉牛肉羊,不管是人工种植的青绿饲草、干草还是精饲料,全部要由耕地供给,实际上与猪鸡养殖业一样,都是"耕地畜牧业"。由于肉牛肉羊的饲草料转化率远远低于猪和肉鸡,生产相同数量的畜产品反而消耗更多耕地,成为了耗粮型畜牧业。因此,对肉牛肉羊养殖业而言,发展节粮型畜牧业应以家庭农场的生产方式经营,与农民增收相结合。

Cultivated land and feed saving are equally important to food safety,saving grain is the main aim to food safety.The moderate scale management family farms raising beef cattle and mutton sheep and goats,needs less cultivated land to supply forage and calls food consumption animal husbandry.However,large-scale and intensive housed beef cattle,sheep and goats,needs more grain and forage while more cultivated land to supply forage since reproductive rate and feed efficiency far lower tfian pigs and poultry,and calls food and land consumption animal husbandry.So,in terms of beef cattle and sheep breeding,to develop forage-saving animal husbandry should be preferred to the family farms production patter.