新世纪以来家庭照料对女性劳动参与影响的研究综述

Impact of Family Caregiving on Women's Labor Force Participation Since 2000

女性劳动参与对其自身、家庭以及社会都有重要意义。新世纪以来,受到经济改革、人口和家庭结构转变的影响,家庭照料负担日益沉重,导致女性在家庭照料和劳动参与方面的矛盾凸显。本文通过对国内外有关家庭照料与女性劳动参与关系的研究进行回顾,总结家庭照料对女性劳动供给的影响,发现无论是照料老人还是子女都会对女性劳动参与带来负面影响,中老年女性对孙子女的隔代照料有助于家庭年轻女性更多的劳动参与,而隔代照料对老年人自身的退休决策影响是既有研究的空白。未来的相关研究,应强化社会性别视角,建议从生命历程的视角分析家庭照料对女性照料提供者福利的长期影响,并加强对建立市场化的照料服务体系的政策分析。

Women＇s labor force participation has great implications for themselves, their families and the entire society. Along with economic reforms and population structural changes in recent decades, demand for family caregiving has drastically increased, aggravating the family and work balance for women. This paper reviews the related literature at home and abroad in order to gain an understanding of the impacts of women＇s family caregiving on their labor force participation. It finds that both elder care and childcare affect women＇s labor force participation, and that women would have higher labor force participation when their parents take care of their children. Caring for grandchildren may also have influence on grandparents＇ decision on retirement, a topic that has not attracted enough attention among researchers. A gender perspective as well as a life cycle theory should be encouraged in future research, especially in the analysis of the impact of long-term family-based care on the welfare of women caregivers and the pros and cons of marketization of care.